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History of Bath > Bath Timeline > Flashcards

Bath Timeline Flashcards

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1
Q

Earliest dates of human activity on Bathampton Down.

A

Mesolithic period 8800BC - 4500BC

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2
Q

Dates of Hillfort on Bathampton Down.

A

Iron age 800BC - 43AD

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3
Q

In legend, The date King Bladud discovers the sacred spring at Bath.

A

863 BC

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4
Q

Date first Roman temple structures built, around the hot water springs

A

Circa AD60, completed by AD76.

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5
Q

When were the Roman Baths extended and vaulted?

A

2nd century AD

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6
Q

First Bath city walls are built for defence.

A

3rd century AD

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7
Q

First Evidence of Christians in Bath.

A

AD 300–350

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8
Q

When was Bath largely abandoned fllowing the end of Roman rule in Britain.

A

5th century AD

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9
Q

Battle of Badon: A famous battle against the Saxons, where a progenitor of King Arthur is said to have been victorious; perhaps on Bathampton Down.

A

516

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10
Q

Battle of Deorham: Bath is captured by the Saxons and, being north of the River Avon, then falls within the Saxon petty-kingdom of the Hwicce.

A

577

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11
Q

Following the Battle of Cirencester, the Hwicce in Bath come under the rule of the kingdom of Mercia.

A

628

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12
Q

Abbess Berta founds a convent under the protection of Osric, king of the Hwicce.

A

676

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13
Q

Cynewulf of Wessex grants land in Bath to monks of St Peter.

A

757

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14
Q

Offa of Mercia takes control of the monastery from the Bishop of Worcester.

A

781

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15
Q

Bath becomes a royal borough (burh) of Alfred the Great, in his kingdom of Wessex

A

878

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16
Q

date of the ealiest recorded Market in bath.

A

c. 900

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17
Q

Edgar, King of England 959–975, is crowned and anointed with his wife Ælfthryth at Bath Abbey by Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury. The Church of St Swithin, Walcot, is founded at about this date.

A

973 – 11 May (Whitsunday):

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18
Q

Ælfheah becomes abbot of Bath.

A

c. 980

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19
Q

The town, Abbey and mint pass to John of Tours.

A

1087

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20
Q

John of Tours, Bishop of Wells, moves the episcopal seat to Bath, giving it city status.

A

1090

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21
Q

King’s Bath built.

A

Early 12th century

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22
Q

Major fire in Bath

A

1137

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23
Q

Abbey consecrated between these dates.

A

1148–1161

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24
Q

St John’s Hospital founded.

A

c. 1174

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25
Q

Church of St Michael’s Within built in St John’s Hospital.

A

1285

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26
Q

Monks of Bath abbey establish a weaving trade in Broad Street.

A

c. 1333

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27
Q

Hospital of St Catherine established.

A

c. 1435

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28
Q

“Sally Lunn’s House” built.

A

1482

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29
Q

St Mary Magdalen, Holloway, built as a chapel to a leper’s hospital.

A

c. 1495

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30
Q

period of Abby reconstruction by Oliver King, Bishop of Bath and Wells.

A

1499 -1533

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31
Q

Dissolution of the Monasteries: Abbey surrendered.

A

1539

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32
Q

The roofless Abbey is given to the corporation of Bath for restoration as a parish church.

A

1572

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33
Q

Dr. John Jones makes the first public endorsement of the medicinal properties of the city’s water.

A

1572

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34
Q

Queen’s Bath built.

A

1576

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35
Q

Drinking fountain installed in the Baths.

A

1578

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36
Q

Bath chartered city status confirmed by Elizabeth I.

A

1590

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37
Q

Deserving poor given free use of the mineral water.

A

1597

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38
Q

Bellott’s Hospital established.

A

1608

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39
Q

Anne of Denmark, wife of James VI and I, visits Bath for her health

A

1613 & 1615

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40
Q

Abbey Church consecrated.

A

1616

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41
Q

Guildhall rebuilt.

A

1625–1628

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42
Q

Battle of Lansdowne fought near the city.

A

1643 – 5 July

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43
Q

Regular coach service from London.

A

1657

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44
Q

Dr. Thomas Guidott publishes A discourse of Bathe, and the hot waters there. Also, Some Enquiries into the Nature of the water, the first published account of the medicinal properties of the city’s water.

A

1676

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45
Q

West Gate pub in business.

A

1677

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46
Q

Supposed origin of the Sally Lunn bun.

A

1680

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47
Q

Mary of Modena, queen consort of James II of England, visits in the hope that Bath waters would aid conception; by the end of the year she is pregnant with James Francis Edward Stuart.

A

1687

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48
Q

Queen Anne visits.

A

1702–1703

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49
Q

First pump-room built and Richard “Beau” Nash is appointed Master of Ceremonies.

A

1704

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50
Q

First theatre in the city built.

A

1705

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51
Q

Bath Turnpike Trust established.

A

1707

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52
Q

Harrison’s Assembly Rooms, with a riverside walk, open.

A

1708

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53
Q

Ralph Allen appointed postmaster at the age of 19.

A

1712 – March

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54
Q

Church of St Michael’s Within in St John’s Hospital rebuilt to the design of William Killigrew.

A

1715

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55
Q

Ralph Allen aged 27 takes control of the Cross and Bye Posts in the south west of England under a 7 year contract with GPO.

A

1720

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56
Q

Approximate date Green Street developed.

A

1717

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57
Q

John Wood, the Elder, newly returned to Bath, presents his plans for the city to Ralph Allen.

A

1725

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58
Q

Approximate date: William Oliver (physician) settles in Bath.

A

1725

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59
Q

Ralph Allen begins buying up Combe Down and Bathampton Down Mines for building stone.

A

1726

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60
Q

James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos, buys Chandos House to let as lodgings.

A

1726

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61
Q

John Wood, the Elder, executes his first private commission in Bath, a new building for St John’s Hospital.

A

1727–1728

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62
Q

Beaufort Square laid out by John Strahan.

A

1727–1736

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63
Q

Gilt bronze head from cult statue of Sulis Minerva from the Roman Temple is found by workmen excavating a sewer and placed in the guildhall.

A

1727

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64
Q

River Avon made navigable downstream to Bristol.

A

1727- 15 December

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65
Q

Construction of Ralph Allen’s Town House begins.

A

1727

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66
Q

St John’s Gate (“Trim Bridge”) built.

A

1728

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67
Q

First Bath Racecourse recorded.

A

1728

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68
Q

Queen Square laid out by John Wood, the Elder.

A

1728-1736

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69
Q

Parade Gardens laid out.

A

1730s

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70
Q

A tramroad is opened to carry building stone from Ralph Allen’s Combe Down mine through his Prior Park estate down to the Kennet and Avon Canal.

A

1731

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71
Q

Thomas Warr Attwood becomes de facto first Bath City Surveyor and Bath City Architect.

A

1733

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72
Q

First printing press established in the city, by Felix Farley of Bristol.

A

1733

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73
Q

Royal visit by William IV, Prince of Orange, marked by an obelisk of 1735.

A

1734

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74
Q

Construction begins on Ralph Allen’s house at Prior Park to the design of John Wood, the Elder.

A

1734

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75
Q

St Mary the Virgin opened near Queen Square as the city’s first proprietary chapel designed by John Wood, the Elder.

A

1734 25 December

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76
Q

Construction of New Bridge to carry the Bristol Road over the Avon begins.

A

1735

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77
Q

Gay Street laid out by John Wood, the Elder.

A

1735

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78
Q

Royal visit by Frederick, Prince of Wales with Princess Augusta, marked by erection of an obelisk in Queen Square.

A

1738

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79
Q

Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases (Royal Mineral Water Hospital, “The Min”) established by Act of Parliament as The Hospital or Infirmary in the City of Bath; designed by John Wood, the Elder.

A

1739

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80
Q

Portrait painter William Hoare settles in Bath.

A

1739

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81
Q

North Parade built by John Wood, the Elder.

A

1741

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82
Q

Ralph Allen elected mayor and his residence at Prior Park is completed.

A

1742

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83
Q

Church of St Swithin, Walcot, rebuilt following storm damage in 1739.

A

1742

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84
Q

South Parade built to the design of John Wood, the Elder.

A

1743–1749

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85
Q

Beau Nash forced to retire as Master of Ceremonies due to anti-gambling laws.

A

1745

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86
Q

Bath Pauper Scheme originates.

A

1747

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87
Q

Old Orchard Street Theatre opens as St James’ Theatre.

A

1750

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88
Q

Bath Oliver biscuit devised by William Oliver (physician).

A

1750

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89
Q

Pump Room enlarged, truncating the King’s Bath.

A

1751

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90
Q

The Circus house construction begins to the design of John Wood, the Elder.

A

1754

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91
Q

Old Bridge rebuilt.

A

1754

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92
Q

North and South Gates demolished.

A

1754-1755

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93
Q

West gate Demolished

A

1776

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94
Q

Roman Bath rediscovered.

A

1755

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95
Q

Palladian bridge in Ralph Allen’s Prior Park Landscape Garden built to a design by Richard Jones.

A

1755

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96
Q

Portrait painter Thomas Gainsborough resident at 17 The Circus.

A

1758–1774

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97
Q

William Pitt, Secretary of State, from 7 The Circus, orders James Wolfe to capture Quebec City.

A

1759

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98
Q

Gay Street developed.

A

1760

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99
Q

Sham castle built as an eye-catcher in Ralph Allen’s Prior Park Landscape Garden to a design by Richard Jones.

A

1762

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100
Q

Milsom Street built.

A

1762-1763

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101
Q

The second chapel of the Countess of Huntingdon’s Connexion is opened in The Paragon; George Whitefield is the first preacher.

A

1765

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102
Q

Astronomer William Herschel arrives in Bath, initially as organist of the Octagon Chapel (completed 1767); his house in New King Street is built.

A

1766

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103
Q

Royal Crescent house construction begins to the design of John Wood, the Younger.

A

1766

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104
Q

Brock Street built to the design of John Wood, the Younger.

A

1767-1768

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105
Q

The Theatre Royal, Bath (Old Orchard Street Theatre) and Theatre Royal, Norwich, assume these titles having been granted Royal Patents, making them officially England’s only legal provincial theatres.

A

1768

106
Q

The Circus (“King’s Circus”) houses completed to the design of John Wood, the Younger.

A

1769

107
Q

Pulteney Bridge constructed to the design of Robert Adam.

A

1769-1774

108
Q

New (Upper) Assembly Rooms, built to the design of John Wood, the Younger, open with Capt. William Wade as Master of Ceremonies.

A

1771

109
Q

Playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan elopes with soprano Elizabeth Ann Linley from her home in Royal Crescent.

A

1772 – 18 March

110
Q

Royal Crescent houses completed to the design of John Wood, the Younger.

A

1774

111
Q

Hot Bath built to the design of John Wood, the Younger.

A

1775–1777

112
Q

Architect Thomas Warr Attwood is killed by the collapse of a derelict building which he is inspecting on the site of the intended new Guildhall and is succeeded as Bath City Surveyor by Thomas Baldwin.

A

1775 – 15 November

113
Q

Wesleyan church built in New King Street.

A

1777–1779

114
Q

Church of St Swithin, Walcot, rebuilt to the design of John Palmer, opens.

A

1777

115
Q

Card room added to the Assembly Rooms.

A

1777

116
Q

Real tennis court opens in Julian Road.

A

1777

117
Q

Sarah Siddons appears at the Old Orchard Street Theatre.

A

1778–1782

118
Q

New Guildhall completed to the design of Thomas Baldwin and the previous one is demolished.

A

1778

119
Q

Anti-Catholic unrest.

A

1780

120
Q

Roman Great Bath rediscovered.

A

1780

121
Q

First record of the Sally Lunn bun.

A

1780

122
Q

Oxford Row built.

A

1780

123
Q

William Herschel makes the first observation of the planet Uranus from his back garden in New King Street.

A

1781 – 13 March

124
Q

Cross Bath built by Thomas Baldwin.

A

1783–1784

125
Q

John Palmer demonstrates his mail coach system.

A

1784 – 2 August

126
Q

Camden Crescent built by John Eveleigh.

A

1787–1788

127
Q

Laura Place built by Thomas Baldwin and John Eveleigh.

A

1788–1794

128
Q

Bath Casualty Hospital (a predecessor of the Royal United Hospital) opens.

A

1788

129
Q

Lansdown Crescent built by John Palmer.

A

1789–1793

130
Q

North and South Colonnades for Grand Pump Room scheme completed by Thomas Baldwin.

A

1789 -1790

131
Q

Roman temple pediment discovered during work near the Baths.

A

1790

132
Q

Somerset Place construction begins to the design of John Eveleigh.

A

1790

133
Q

Bath Street construction begins to the design of Thomas Baldwin.

A

1791

134
Q

Norfolk Crescent construction begins to the design of John Palmer.

A

1792

135
Q

Bath City Dispensary and Infirmary founded.

A

1792

136
Q

Lansdown Course races begin.

A

1792

137
Q

Laying out of Sydney Gardens begins to the design of Thomas Baldwin.

A

1793

138
Q

Bath bank crash.

A

1793

139
Q

Sydney Gardens open as Bath Vauxhall Gardens, commercial pleasure grounds. Sydney Hotel is under construction here.

A

1795

140
Q

Grand Pump Room opens. Begun around 1789 by Thomas Baldwin, construction work is completed 1793–1799 by John Palmer.

A

1795

141
Q

York Street opened.

A

1796

142
Q

Cross Bath rebuilt by John Palmer.

A

1797-1798

143
Q

Abolitionist William Wilberforce marries Barbara Spooner at the Church of St Swithin, Walcot, the couple having met on 15 April in Bath.

A

1797 30 May

144
Q

Christ Church dedicated as a proprietary chapel built to the design of John Palmer.

A

1798

145
Q

William Smith produces the first large-scale geological map, of the area round Bath.[44]

A

1799 Summer

146
Q

Lace goes missing from Elizabeth Gregory’s milliner’s shop; Jane Leigh Perrot (Jane Austen’s aunt) is charged with its theft.

A

1799 8 August

147
Q

William Smith draws up a table of geologicl strata round Bath.

A

1799 11 December

148
Q

Sydney Hotel opens in Sydney Gardens to the design of Charles Harcourt Masters.

A

1799

149
Q

North side of Pulteney Bridge collapses in a flood.

A

1800

150
Q

Jewish congregation formed.

A

1800

151
Q

First houses in Sydney Place completed to the design of Thomas Baldwin.

A

1800

152
Q

January: Jane Austen becomes resident in Bath when her father retires here; she will remain until summer 1806 living mostly in the new-built Sydney Place.

A

1801 January

153
Q

Kennet and Avon Canal opens from Bath to Devizes (completion of the locks at the latter place at the end of 1810 creates through inland water communication to London).

A

1801 - 1st May

154
Q

Balloon ascents from Sydney Gardens.

A

1802

155
Q

Jane Austen’s father, the Rev. George Austen, dies in Bath; he is buried at the Church of St Swithin, Walcot, where he had been married in 1764

A

1805

156
Q

Penitentiary established.

A

1805

157
Q

New Theatre Royal (replacing the Old Orchard Street Theatre) and Barker’s Picture Gallery open.

A

1805

158
Q

De Montalt Mill, Combe Down, established as a paper mill.

A

1805

159
Q

East wing of Grand Pump Room completed.

A

1806

160
Q

New houses in Sydney Place completed to the design of John Pinch the elder.

A

1808

161
Q

Union Street completed.

A

1810

162
Q

Jewish Burial Ground, Combe Down opened.

A

1812

163
Q

Claverton Pumping Station opens, allowing the Bath locks on the Kennet and Avon Canal to be used in periods of low rainfall.

A

1813

164
Q

Cleveland Pools opened.

A

1815

165
Q

Royal visit by Queen Charlotte.

A

1817

166
Q

Bath Gas Light Company established.

A

1818

167
Q

Masonic Hall dedicated.

A

1819

168
Q

Original Assembly Rooms in Terrace Walk destroyed by fire.

A

1821

169
Q

Norfolk Crescent completed to the design of John Pinch the elder.

A

1822

170
Q

Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution founded (given Royal status 1837).

A

1824

171
Q

The Corridor, one of the world’s earliest retail arcades, is built to the design of architect Henry Goodridge.

A

1825

172
Q

Bath United Hospital opens in Beau Street in a building designed by John Pinch the elder.

A

1826

173
Q

Cleveland Bridge opened as a toll bridge.

A

1827

174
Q

John Loudon McAdam appointed Surveyor of the Bath Roads, a post which he holds until his death in 1836.

A

1827

175
Q

Partis College completed as almshouses for women by Ann and Fletcher Partis.

A

1827

176
Q

Victoria Park is opened by the 11-year-old Princess Victoria as a private pleasure ground.

A

1830

177
Q

Prior Park College is opened as the Sacred Heart College.

A

1830

178
Q

Jolly’s department store opens as The Bath Emporium.

A

1831

179
Q

Sydney Buildings constructed.

A

1832

180
Q

George Phillips Manners restores the Abbey, replacing the pinnacles.

A

1833–1834

181
Q

St Michael’s Without church rebuilt to the design of George Phillips Manners.

A

1834–1837

182
Q

Bath Poor Law Union formed and begins construction of a new workhouse at Combe Down.

A

1836 28 March

183
Q

1st Major fire at Prior Park.

A

1836 30 May

184
Q

North Parade Bridge built in cast iron to the design of William Tierney Clark and Victoria suspension bridge built to the patent of James Dredge, Sr.

A

1836

185
Q

Victoria Column erected.

A

1837

186
Q

Isaac Pitman moves to Bath.

A

1839

187
Q

First Penny Black postage stamp sent from 8 Broad Street by Thomas Musgrave.

A

1840

188
Q

Novelist Fanny Burney dies in Bath; she is buried at the Church of St Swithin, Walcot.

A

1840

189
Q

Great Western Railway opened from Bath to Bristol Temple Meads; 30 June 1841 through to London Paddington.

A

1840

190
Q

First “Daguerreotype Institute” (photographic studio) in Bath opened, in Subscription Walk Gardens.

A

1841

191
Q

Commercial Reading Room and Tottenham Library founded.

A

1847

192
Q

Bath School of Art founded.

A

1852

193
Q

Corn market built in Walcot Street.

A

1855

194
Q

Guildhall Market built.

A

1861

195
Q

A major fire causes the Theatre Royal to be rebuilt.

A

1862

196
Q

Widcombe (“Halfpenny”) footbridge first built over the Avon in wood.

A

1863

197
Q

Bath United Hospital given its Royal prefix on opening of its Albert wing.

A

1864

198
Q

Old Orchard Street Theatre becomes a Masonic Hall.

A

1865

199
Q

Alexander Graham Bell rigs up a telegraph line in Bennett Street while teaching at Somerset College.

A

1867

200
Q

James Irvine records remains of the Roman temple of Sulis Minerva.

A

1867

201
Q

Excavations of Roman Baths by Maj. C. E. Davis, the city architect.

A

1869–1885

202
Q

Queen Square station (latterly Green Park) opens to passengers as terminus of the Midland Railway’s Mangotsfield and Bath Branch Line.

A

1869

203
Q

Original White Horse Inn (opposite the Pump Room) is demolished.

A

1869

204
Q

Somerset and Dorset Railway begins operating from Queen Square station.

A

1874

205
Q

Bath City Police established.

A

1875

206
Q

Widcombe footbridge collapses, killing eleven, causing it to be rebuilt as a wrought-iron lattice girder.

A

1877 6th June

207
Q

Queen’s Bath largely demolished revealing a Roman circular bath.

A

1883

208
Q

First telephone exchange.

A

1886

209
Q

Botanical Gardens opened in Royal Victoria Park.

A

1887

210
Q

William Friese-Greene, working in Bath since c. 1875, patents a “chronophotographic” camera, an early form of movie camera.

A

1889

211
Q

New douche and massage baths incorporating parts of the Queen’s Bath and of the 1786 New Private Baths and including an arch over York Street completed to the design of C. E. Davis.

A

1889

212
Q

Landslide destroys nine houses in Camden Crescent.

A

1889

213
Q

Electricity generating station begins operation.

A

1890

214
Q

Bath Fire Brigade and Ambulance Service established.

A

1891

215
Q

Holburne Museum opens in Charlotte Street.

A

1893

216
Q

Victoria Art Gallery foundation stone laid to commemorate the diamond jubilee of Queen Victoria.

A

1897

217
Q

Henrietta Gardens laid out to commemorate the diamond jubilee of Queen Victoria.

A

1897

218
Q

Roman Baths and associated Concert Room designed by J. M. Brydon are opened to the public.

A

1897

219
Q

Victoria Art Gallery and Reference Library opens.

A

1990

220
Q

New (redbrick) houses for the working classes erected in Dolemeads.

A

1990

221
Q

Empire Hotel in business (designed by C. E. Davis).

A

1901

222
Q

Bath Electric Tramways Company begins operating.

A

1904

223
Q

Midland Bridge, a replacement lattice-girder bridge over the Avon, is opened.

A

1905

224
Q

Old Bath Preservation Society, predecessor of Bath Preservation Trust, set up.

A

1909

225
Q

St Winifred’s Quarry built as a house on Combe Down to the design of Charles Voysey.

A

1909

226
Q

Jubilee Hall Cinema operating in Assembly Rooms.

A

1910

227
Q

Robert Atkinson (architect) is commissioned to produce a post-war plan for the city.

A

1915

228
Q

Bath War Hospital set up at Combe Park.

A

1916

229
Q

Holburne Museum moves to the former Sydney Hotel.

A

1916

230
Q

Roman hot plunge baths excavated.

A

1923

231
Q

Cleveland Bridge, having been acquired in 1925 by Bath Corporation and rebuilt, is freed of toll.

A

1929

232
Q

Assembly Rooms purchased by the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings with funds provided by Ernest Cook and transferred to the National Trust for restoration and preservation.

A

1931

233
Q

Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution moves to premises in Queen Square.

A

1932

234
Q

Royal United Hospital opens on the Combe Park site and its former premises are taken over by Bath Technical College.

A

1932

235
Q

Bath Preservation Trust founded.

A

1934

236
Q

Haile Selassie, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia, spends most of his exile in Bath.

A

1936-1941

237
Q

North Parade Bridge rebuilt in stone-faced reinforced concrete.

A

1936

238
Q

Bath Corporation Act includes additional conservation powers.

A

1937

239
Q

Assembly Rooms reopened after restoration.

A

1938

240
Q

Bath Blitz - Three German aerial bombing raids as part of the “Baedeker Blitz” kill 417; among the buildings destroyed or badly damaged are the newly restored Assembly Rooms, St Andrew’s church and All Saints Chapel.[65]

A

1942 - 25-27th April

241
Q

Queen Square is given to the citizens of Bath in memory of those killed in the Blitz.

A

1948

242
Q

3 years of major floods.

A

1841,1894 and 1960

243
Q

Assembly Rooms reopen after post-war reconstruction incorporating the Museum of Costume.

A

1963

244
Q

The Beatles play the Pavilion.

A

1963

245
Q

Excavations of Roman Baths under the direction of Barry Cunliffe, including areas beneath the Grand Pump Room and in the sacred spring.

A

1963-1983

246
Q

7 March: Bath Green Park railway station and Somerset and Dorset Railway close with effect from this date.

A

1966

247
Q

Churchill Bridge replaces Old Bridge over the Avon.

A

1966

248
Q

Reopening of Widcombe bottom lock as part of the restoration of the Kennet and Avon Canal.

A

1970

249
Q

No. 1 Royal Crescent opened to the public as an historic house museum by Bath Preservation Trust after a 2-year restoration.

A

1970

250
Q

Adam Fergusson’s essay criticising inappropriate development, “The Sack of Bath”, is published in The Times newspaper by the editor William Rees-Mogg; it is subsequently expanded into a book with photographs by Snowdon and verses by John Betjeman.

A

1970

251
Q

New semicircular Pulteney Weir in the Avon designed by Neville Conder is completed.

A

1971

252
Q

Irish Republican Army bomb exploded in The Corridor.

A

1974

253
Q

Bath College of Higher Education established.

A

1975

254
Q

Spa baths closed due to contamination.

A

1978

255
Q

Bath Postal Museum opens in Great Pulteney Street.

A

1979

256
Q

Major fire at The Colonnades, Bath Street.

A

1986

257
Q

City of Bath inscribed as a World Heritage Site.

A

1987

258
Q

2nd Major fire at Prior Park.

A

1991

259
Q

The Egg opens.

A

2006

260
Q

Thermae Bath Spa facility opens.

A

2006

261
Q

Beau Street Hoard found.

A

2008

History of Bath (5 decks)

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