Bates Chapter 13 - Male Genitalia & Hernias Flashcards
The shaft of the penis is formed by what three columns of vascular erectile tissue?
Corpus spongiosum (contains urethra) And two corpura cavernosa
The urethra is normally located where in the shaft of the penis?
Ventrally
The meatus is usually ventral also and located near the tip of the glans
What hormone is released from the hypothalamus to stimulate pituitary secretion of of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GRH)
On what cells does LH act to promote synthesis of testosterone?
Interstitial Leydig cells
What hormone triggers pubertal growth of the male genitalia, prostate, seminal vesicles, and secondary sex characteristics?
5alpha dihydro-testosterone (testosterone)
What hormone regulates sperm production in the germ cells and Sertoli cells of the tubules?
FSH
Some testosterone is converted to:
Estradiol
What covers the anterior 2/3 of the testes and can fill with fluid?
Tunica vaginalis
What structure contains the spermatic ducts and stores, matures sperm?
Epididymus
What structure transports sperm from the epididymus to the urethra?
Vas deferens
Where does the vas deferens enter the pelvic cavity?
Through the external inguinal ring
Secretions from what three structures contribute to seminal fluid?
1) Vasa deferentia
2) Seminal vesicles
3) Prostate
What are the two types of stimuli that produce the male erection?
1) Visual, auditory or erotic cues (sympathetic)
2) Tactile (sensory & parasympathetic)
Lymphatics from the penile and scrotal surfaces drain into which nodes?
Inguinal nodes
The inguinal ligament runs between what two structures?
The anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle
What is it called when loops of bowel or omentum force their way through weak areas of the inguinal canal?
Inguinal hernia
What is another route for a herniating mass?
Femoral canal
What is the name of a hernia that develops at the internal inguinal ring?
Indirect inguinal hernia
What is the name of a hernia that develops more medially from weakness in the floor of the inguinal canal?
Direct inguinal hernia
What type of hernia is more likely to present as an emergency with bowel incarceration or strangulation?
Femoral hernia
What are the four common and concerning symptoms for male genitalia?
1) Sexual orientation and sexual response
2) Penile discharge or lesions
3) Scrotal pain, swelling or lesions
4) STIs and STDs
Which STIs have the highest percentages of new cases?
80% Chlamydia
19% Gonorrhea
1% Syphllis
Which age group represents the largest percentage of new cases of STI?
Ages 15-24
Which groups have the highest risk for HIV?
African American men (>50%) and
men having sex with other men (55%)
What are the high risk groups for HIV?
Men with male sex partners, individuals with multiple partners, past or present injection drug users, sex workers, individuals with a hx of STI, HIV infection, IV drug use or bisexual partners, recipients of blood from 1978-1985
Key information for sexual history includes:
1) Sexual orientation
2) # of partners in the past month
3) Hx of past STI
4) Screening for ETOH and drug use
Condoms can help reduce the transmission of what diseases?
HIV, HPV and some STIs
HPV vaccination is recommended for what ages (males)?
Ages 9-26
What is the most common cancer in males aged 15-34?
Testicular cancer
What are the risk factors for testicular cancer?
1) Family hx of testicular cancer
2) Hx of cryptorchidism
3) Hx of carcinoma in the contra-lateral testicle
4) Mumps orchitis
5) An inguinal hernia
6) Hydrocele in childhood
7) Caucasian
What is a tight prepuce (foreskin) that cannot be retracted to reveal the glans called?
Phimosis
What is the term for a tight prepuce that once retracted, cannot be returned causing edema?
Paraphimosis
What is the term for inflammation of the glans?
Balantitis
What is the term for inflammation of the glans and prepuce?
Balanoposthitis
What do you call congenital, ventral displacement of the meatus?
Hypospadias
What is the term for dome-shaped white or yellow papules or nodules filled with keratin debris on the scrotum?
Epidermoid cysts
What is the term for multiple, tortuous veins in the scrotum (usually on the left)?
Varicocele
What is the incidence of testicular cancer?
4 per 100,000 men
