Bates Book - the Behaviorists Flashcards
“I think, therefore I am”
Rene Descartes
When did Rene Descartes live?
Around 1625
Believed truth and knowledge resided in human beings prior to experience
Rene Descartes
Believed a child is a blank slate (tabula rasa)
John Locke
When did John Locke live?
Around 1650
Was on the “nature” side of the original nature vs. nurture debate
Rene Descartes
Was on the “nurture” side of the original nature vs. nurture debate
John Locke
Where do Cognitivists fall under nature vs. nurture?
Around the middle
Where do Behaviorists fall under nature vs. nurture?
All the way to nurture
Where do Humanists fall under nature vs. nurture?
Closer to nurture than nature
When did Jean-Jacques Rousseau live?
Around 1750
Who wrote Emile?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Believed human beings are inherently good and should be raised in harmony with nature
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Believed teaching should be based on discovery (with covert guidance from the teacher)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
When did John Dewey live?
1859 - 1952
Believed traditional education was too concerned with the delivery of pre-ordained knowledge and not on learner’s learning experiences
John Dewey
Wrote groundbreaking book, Experience and Education, in 1938
John Dewey
When did Paulo Freire live?
1921 - 1997
Brazilian educator who began a literacy program for peasants and slumdwellers in the 1950s and 1960s.
Paulo Freire
Wrote “dialogue liberates - monologue oppresses”
Paulo Freire
Inspired Jane Elliott’s blue-eyed/non-blue-eyed classroom experiment
Paulo Freire
Critical consciousness was a cornerstone of his ideas
Paulo Freire
What kind of learning theorist was Edward Thorndike?
Behaviorist
What kind of learning theorist was John Watson?
Behaviorist
What kind of learning theorist was Ivan Pavlov?
Behaviorist
What kind of learning theorist was BF Skinner?
Behaviorist
What kind of learning theorist was Edward Tolman?
Behaviorist
What kind of learning theorist was Robert Gagne?
Behaviorist
When did Edward Thorndike live?
1874 - 1949
Considered the first pure behavioral psychologist
Edward Thorndike
His most famous experiment was how cats learned to escape from a box through trial and error
Edward Thorndike
Assumed “rewarding outcomes” would be “stamped in” and “profitless outcomes” would be “stamped out”
Edward Thorndike
Believed connections become strengthened with practice and weakened with disuse
Edward Thorndike
The founding father of the behaviorist movement and stimulus-response
John Watson
Worked with Albert, the 9-month-old baby
John Watson
Identified the conditioning process as pre-conditioning, conditioning, post-conditioning
John Watson
When did John Watson live?
1878 - 1958
When did Ivan Pavlov live?
1849 - 1936
Won a Nobel Prize in 1904 for his work in physiology research on dogs
Ivan Pavlov
Created the term “classical conditioning” for when a response to a primary stimulus can be activated by a secondary stimulus
Ivan Pavlov
When did BF Skinner live?
1904 - 1990
Developed the term radical behaviorism
BF Skinner
Identified the terms positive and negative reinforcement
BF Skinner
Developed the term “operant conditioning,” in which a response is based on acting upon the environment (rather than classical conditioning, which is a reflex)
BF Skinner
Identified the concept of latent learning
Edward Tolman
When did Edward Tolman live?
1886 - 1959
Said that people build cognitive maps of their environment from past experiences
Edward Tolman
When did Robert Gagne live?
1916 - 2002
Identified nine levels of learning
Robert Gagne
Argued that learning has a hierarchical nature
Robert Gagne
