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Learning Sciences > Bates Book - the Behaviorists > Flashcards

Bates Book - the Behaviorists Flashcards

1
Q

“I think, therefore I am”

A

Rene Descartes

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2
Q

When did Rene Descartes live?

A

Around 1625

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3
Q

Believed truth and knowledge resided in human beings prior to experience

A

Rene Descartes

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4
Q

Believed a child is a blank slate (tabula rasa)

A

John Locke

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5
Q

When did John Locke live?

A

Around 1650

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6
Q

Was on the “nature” side of the original nature vs. nurture debate

A

Rene Descartes

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7
Q

Was on the “nurture” side of the original nature vs. nurture debate

A

John Locke

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8
Q

Where do Cognitivists fall under nature vs. nurture?

A

Around the middle

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9
Q

Where do Behaviorists fall under nature vs. nurture?

A

All the way to nurture

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10
Q

Where do Humanists fall under nature vs. nurture?

A

Closer to nurture than nature

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11
Q

When did Jean-Jacques Rousseau live?

A

Around 1750

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12
Q

Who wrote Emile?

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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13
Q

Believed human beings are inherently good and should be raised in harmony with nature

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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14
Q

Believed teaching should be based on discovery (with covert guidance from the teacher)

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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15
Q

When did John Dewey live?

A

1859 - 1952

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16
Q

Believed traditional education was too concerned with the delivery of pre-ordained knowledge and not on learner’s learning experiences

A

John Dewey

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17
Q

Wrote groundbreaking book, Experience and Education, in 1938

A

John Dewey

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18
Q

When did Paulo Freire live?

A

1921 - 1997

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19
Q

Brazilian educator who began a literacy program for peasants and slumdwellers in the 1950s and 1960s.

A

Paulo Freire

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20
Q

Wrote “dialogue liberates - monologue oppresses”

A

Paulo Freire

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21
Q

Inspired Jane Elliott’s blue-eyed/non-blue-eyed classroom experiment

A

Paulo Freire

22
Q

Critical consciousness was a cornerstone of his ideas

A

Paulo Freire

23
Q

What kind of learning theorist was Edward Thorndike?

A

Behaviorist

24
Q

What kind of learning theorist was John Watson?

A

Behaviorist

25
Q

What kind of learning theorist was Ivan Pavlov?

A

Behaviorist

26
Q

What kind of learning theorist was BF Skinner?

A

Behaviorist

27
Q

What kind of learning theorist was Edward Tolman?

A

Behaviorist

28
Q

What kind of learning theorist was Robert Gagne?

A

Behaviorist

29
Q

When did Edward Thorndike live?

A

1874 - 1949

30
Q

Considered the first pure behavioral psychologist

A

Edward Thorndike

31
Q

His most famous experiment was how cats learned to escape from a box through trial and error

A

Edward Thorndike

32
Q

Assumed “rewarding outcomes” would be “stamped in” and “profitless outcomes” would be “stamped out”

A

Edward Thorndike

33
Q

Believed connections become strengthened with practice and weakened with disuse

A

Edward Thorndike

34
Q

The founding father of the behaviorist movement and stimulus-response

A

John Watson

35
Q

Worked with Albert, the 9-month-old baby

A

John Watson

36
Q

Identified the conditioning process as pre-conditioning, conditioning, post-conditioning

A

John Watson

37
Q

When did John Watson live?

A

1878 - 1958

38
Q

When did Ivan Pavlov live?

A

1849 - 1936

39
Q

Won a Nobel Prize in 1904 for his work in physiology research on dogs

A

Ivan Pavlov

40
Q

Created the term “classical conditioning” for when a response to a primary stimulus can be activated by a secondary stimulus

A

Ivan Pavlov

41
Q

When did BF Skinner live?

A

1904 - 1990

42
Q

Developed the term radical behaviorism

A

BF Skinner

43
Q

Identified the terms positive and negative reinforcement

A

BF Skinner

44
Q

Developed the term “operant conditioning,” in which a response is based on acting upon the environment (rather than classical conditioning, which is a reflex)

A

BF Skinner

45
Q

Identified the concept of latent learning

A

Edward Tolman

46
Q

When did Edward Tolman live?

A

1886 - 1959

47
Q

Said that people build cognitive maps of their environment from past experiences

A

Edward Tolman

48
Q

When did Robert Gagne live?

A

1916 - 2002

49
Q

Identified nine levels of learning

A

Robert Gagne

50
Q

Argued that learning has a hierarchical nature

A

Robert Gagne

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