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SOCIOLOGY!!! > Basics Of Sociology > Flashcards

Basics Of Sociology Flashcards

1
Q

Karl Marx

A

Believes that capitalism oppresses working class and there needs to be a revolution to make all people equal

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2
Q

Emile Durkheim

A

Was a functionalist who believed society is made up of institutions each with its own functions which work together to create a stable society

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3
Q

Max Weber

A

Thought that sociologists should study both structures and actions to understand society

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4
Q

Culture describes a groups?

A

Language, believes, norms, values, knowledge and skills

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5
Q

Culture varies?

A

Over time and place

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6
Q

How is culture passed on?

A

Through socialisation passed on from generations

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7
Q

Socialisation comes from who?

A

Families, schools, friends, religion the media and work

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8
Q

What happens when you become socialised?

A

Societies values are internalised so that they become part of your way of thinking

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9
Q

Basic level of identity describes what?

A

Name, age, appearance…

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10
Q

A deeper level of identity explains what?

A

The way you see your self and the way others view you

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11
Q

What is the deeper level of identity influenced by?

A

Class, ethnicity, gender, age, sexuality and the roles you have in society such as teacher sister and cousin

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12
Q

What is globalisation?

A

Globalisation is the idea that the world is becoming more connected due to improved technology and communication

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13
Q

What does social differentiation mean?

A

The way that society can be divided up into different groups

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14
Q

What’s an example of social differentiation

A

Biological features such as age or sex and cultural features such as class or religion

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15
Q

What is stratification?

A

Stratification is another way society is split into different groups but these groups are ordered into layers in a hierarchy

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16
Q

What is stratification usually based on?

A

Social class. The top layer is normally made up of the richest and most powerful people and the bottom is often the poorest people with little power

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17
Q

What is power usually based on?

A

Wealth

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18
Q

What ability do those in power have?

A

They have the ability to get someone to do something they wouldn’t usually do

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19
Q

Sociologists argue that those in power do what?

A

Use it to control society so that hey can remain in power

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20
Q

What does functionalists say about individuals?

A

Individuals are a p odict of society

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21
Q

What is the structural theory?

A

The functionalist view that society is made up of institutions to allow society to run smoothly

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22
Q

Name the 5 institutions

A

Media, religion, school, family, criminal justice system

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23
Q

What is the function if the family?

A

To care and socialise the next generation

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24
Q

What’s the function of the education system

A

To prepare young people for adult society

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25
Q

Religion has what function?

A

To unite society through shared beliefs

26
Q

What do internationalists believe functionalists don’t focus on?

A

Individuals

27
Q

What do Marxists believe that functionalists ignore

A

The unequal power of some groups. They believe society is structured to serve the interests of the rich

28
Q

Why do Marxists believe that class conflict is the most important force in society?

A

Workers are employed to produce goods that will make a profit most of which is kept by the employer

29
Q

If workers were allowed to notice the unfairness what did Marx think would happen?

A

A revolution

30
Q

What prevents a revolution?

A

Superstructure. Family education and religion are a part of the super structure to make sure workers accept what they have in life

31
Q

How did Marx believe society was divided?

A 
Into 2 classes 
Bourgeoisie - ruling class they are minority with all the money and power
Proletariat- working class they formed most of society but had little or no power
32
Q

What is neo-Marxism

A

20th century version of Marxism it is more relevant to the newer world focusing on ideas and beliefs

33
Q

What do functionalist think that Marxists put too much focus on?

A

The role of the economic structures in shaping ideas and beliefs

34
Q

What do interactionists think Marx puts too much focus on?

A

Too much emphasis on class not enough on individuals

35
Q

Postmodernist think that people are defined by what?

A

Choices they make not if they are workers or a boss

36
Q

Feminists believe what?

A

Women are oppressed my men

37
Q

Liberal feminists believe what?

A

Women should have equal right or opportunities by introducing opportunities for women in existing structures of society

38
Q

Radical feminists believe what?

A

Society is structured to oppress women and society needs to change. There is an imbalance of power in all relationships

39
Q

Marxist feminists believe what?

A

They combine the beliefs of Marxism and feminism. Women are exploited my a capitalist society

40
Q

Why do radical feminists criticise liberal feminists?

A

They not acknowledge that more then institutions are patriarchal. It is all relationships

41
Q

What do interactionists believe is most important?

A

Individuals

42
Q

The action theory by interactionists is what?

A

A theory that emphasis the actions of individuals

43
Q

How do interactionists make sense of society?

A

They look at individuals behaviour to interpret society

44
Q

What do interactionists think about structures?

A

They think that every individual responds to social structure in their own way. We each have free will and the ability to make choices

45
Q

What is Jonathan Gershuny

A

Interactionists

46
Q

What did Jonathan Gershuny say?

A

1) some women chose to work outside the home through individual choice
2) male partners then took on more housework and it became acceptable for men to adopt feminine roles in the family

47
Q

Why do Marxists disagree with interactionists?

A

They don’t think interactionists pay attention to conflict and that some social groups are more powerful

48
Q

Why do functionalists disagree with interactionists?

A

They don’t acknowledge the importance of the socialisation process

49
Q

What is functionalism

A

Society is made up of different institutions that function as a whole

50
Q

What is Marxism?

A

Society is split into two classes. The ruling class oppress and exploit working class

51
Q

What is feminism

A

Society is patriarchal and women have fewer right and opportunities than men

52
Q

What is interactionism

A

The behaviour of interaction between individuals determine how society works

53
Q

What does new right sociologists believe?

A

They believe traditional values are important

54
Q

How is new right similar to functionalism?

A

They believe society needs values and institutions to maintain social order. New right focus on family education and welfare

55
Q

What do new right think about the nuclear family?

A

Nuclear family is one of the most important social institutions people should stick to traditional role within the family to maintain social order

56
Q

Charles Murray is what?

A

New right

57
Q

What does Charles Murray say about traditional family?

A

Charles Murray thinks that traditional family is under threat which has lead to a decline in ,oral standards and a breakdown in society

58
Q

Why do feminists disagree with new right?

A

They believe traditional roles in the family oppress women by reinforcing a patriarchal society

59
Q

What do post modernism believe?

A

They believe that society is changing society is more flexible with a wider choice of cultures and lifestyle due to globalisation

60
Q

Why do functionalists disagree with postmodernism?

A

They ignore the role of institutions

61
Q

Why do interactionists disagree with postmodernist

A

They ignore how individuals interact

62
Q

Why do Marxist disagree with postmodernist

A

They ignore inequality

SOCIOLOGY!!! (6 decks)

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