Basics Of Sociology

Question 1

Karl Marx

Answer 1

Believes that capitalism oppresses working class and there needs to be a revolution to make all people equal

Question 2

Emile Durkheim

Answer 2

Was a functionalist who believed society is made up of institutions each with its own functions which work together to create a stable society

Question 3

Max Weber

Answer 3

Thought that sociologists should study both structures and actions to understand society

Question 4

Culture describes a groups?

Answer 4

Language, believes, norms, values, knowledge and skills

Question 5

Culture varies?

Answer 5

Over time and place

Question 6

How is culture passed on?

Answer 6

Through socialisation passed on from generations

Question 7

Socialisation comes from who?

Answer 7

Families, schools, friends, religion the media and work

Question 8

What happens when you become socialised?

Answer 8

Societies values are internalised so that they become part of your way of thinking

Question 9

Basic level of identity describes what?

Answer 9

Name, age, appearance…

Question 10

A deeper level of identity explains what?

Answer 10

The way you see your self and the way others view you

Question 11

What is the deeper level of identity influenced by?

Answer 11

Class, ethnicity, gender, age, sexuality and the roles you have in society such as teacher sister and cousin

Question 12

What is globalisation?

Answer 12

Globalisation is the idea that the world is becoming more connected due to improved technology and communication

Question 13

What does social differentiation mean?

Answer 13

The way that society can be divided up into different groups

Question 14

What’s an example of social differentiation

Answer 14

Biological features such as age or sex and cultural features such as class or religion

Question 15

What is stratification?

Answer 15

Stratification is another way society is split into different groups but these groups are ordered into layers in a hierarchy

Question 16

What is stratification usually based on?

Answer 16

Social class. The top layer is normally made up of the richest and most powerful people and the bottom is often the poorest people with little power

Question 17

What is power usually based on?

Answer 17

Wealth

Question 18

What ability do those in power have?

Answer 18

They have the ability to get someone to do something they wouldn’t usually do

Question 19

Sociologists argue that those in power do what?

Answer 19

Use it to control society so that hey can remain in power

Question 20

What does functionalists say about individuals?

Answer 20

Individuals are a p odict of society

Question 21

What is the structural theory?

Answer 21

The functionalist view that society is made up of institutions to allow society to run smoothly

Question 22

Name the 5 institutions

Answer 22

Media, religion, school, family, criminal justice system

Question 23

What is the function if the family?

Answer 23

To care and socialise the next generation

Question 24

What’s the function of the education system

Answer 24

To prepare young people for adult society

Question 25

Religion has what function?

Answer 25

To unite society through shared beliefs

Question 26

What do internationalists believe functionalists don't focus on?

Answer 26

Individuals

Question 27

What do Marxists believe that functionalists ignore

Answer 27

The unequal power of some groups. They believe society is structured to serve the interests of the rich

Question 28

Why do Marxists believe that class conflict is the most important force in society?

Answer 28

Workers are employed to produce goods that will make a profit most of which is kept by the employer

Question 29

If workers were allowed to notice the unfairness what did Marx think would happen?

Answer 29

A revolution

Question 30

What prevents a revolution?

Answer 30

Superstructure. Family education and religion are a part of the super structure to make sure workers accept what they have in life

Question 31

How did Marx believe society was divided?

Answer 31

``` Into 2 classes Bourgeoisie - ruling class they are minority with all the money and power Proletariat- working class they formed most of society but had little or no power ```

Question 32

What is neo-Marxism

Answer 32

20th century version of Marxism it is more relevant to the newer world focusing on ideas and beliefs

Question 33

What do functionalist think that Marxists put too much focus on?

Answer 33

The role of the economic structures in shaping ideas and beliefs

Question 34

What do interactionists think Marx puts too much focus on?

Answer 34

Too much emphasis on class not enough on individuals

Question 35

Postmodernist think that people are defined by what?

Answer 35

Choices they make not if they are workers or a boss

Question 36

Feminists believe what?

Answer 36

Women are oppressed my men

Question 37

Liberal feminists believe what?

Answer 37

Women should have equal right or opportunities by introducing opportunities for women in existing structures of society

Question 38

Radical feminists believe what?

Answer 38

Society is structured to oppress women and society needs to change. There is an imbalance of power in all relationships

Question 39

Marxist feminists believe what?

Answer 39

They combine the beliefs of Marxism and feminism. Women are exploited my a capitalist society

Question 40

Why do radical feminists criticise liberal feminists?

Answer 40

They not acknowledge that more then institutions are patriarchal. It is all relationships

Question 41

What do interactionists believe is most important?

Answer 41

Individuals

Question 42

The action theory by interactionists is what?

Answer 42

A theory that emphasis the actions of individuals

Question 43

How do interactionists make sense of society?

Answer 43

They look at individuals behaviour to interpret society

Question 44

What do interactionists think about structures?

Answer 44

They think that every individual responds to social structure in their own way. We each have free will and the ability to make choices

Question 45

What is Jonathan Gershuny

Answer 45

Interactionists

Question 46

What did Jonathan Gershuny say?

Answer 46

1) some women chose to work outside the home through individual choice 2) male partners then took on more housework and it became acceptable for men to adopt feminine roles in the family

Question 47

Why do Marxists disagree with interactionists?

Answer 47

They don't think interactionists pay attention to conflict and that some social groups are more powerful

Question 48

Why do functionalists disagree with interactionists?

Answer 48

They don't acknowledge the importance of the socialisation process

Question 49

What is functionalism

Answer 49

Society is made up of different institutions that function as a whole

Question 50

What is Marxism?

Answer 50

Society is split into two classes. The ruling class oppress and exploit working class

Question 51

What is feminism

Answer 51

Society is patriarchal and women have fewer right and opportunities than men

Question 52

What is interactionism

Answer 52

The behaviour of interaction between individuals determine how society works

Question 53

What does new right sociologists believe?

Answer 53

They believe traditional values are important

Question 54

How is new right similar to functionalism?

Answer 54

They believe society needs values and institutions to maintain social order. New right focus on family education and welfare

Question 55

What do new right think about the nuclear family?

Answer 55

Nuclear family is one of the most important social institutions people should stick to traditional role within the family to maintain social order

Question 56

Charles Murray is what?

Answer 56

New right

Question 57

What does Charles Murray say about traditional family?

Answer 57

Charles Murray thinks that traditional family is under threat which has lead to a decline in ,oral standards and a breakdown in society

Question 58

Why do feminists disagree with new right?

Answer 58

They believe traditional roles in the family oppress women by reinforcing a patriarchal society

Question 59

What do post modernism believe?

Answer 59

They believe that society is changing society is more flexible with a wider choice of cultures and lifestyle due to globalisation

Question 60

Why do functionalists disagree with postmodernism?

Answer 60

They ignore the role of institutions

Question 61

Why do interactionists disagree with postmodernist

Answer 61

They ignore how individuals interact

Question 62

Why do Marxist disagree with postmodernist

Answer 62

They ignore inequality