basics of respiration Flashcards
what sort of process is respiration?
catabolic process
involving a series of enzyme-catalysed reactions in cells
what are hydrolysed to release energy in respiration?
energy-rich substrates
(e.g. glucose and fatty acids)
what happens to the rest of the energy released in respiration?
some is trapped as chemical energy in ATP
some is released as heat energy
what bonds are broken during respiration by enzymes in a series of small steps?
high energy C-C, C-H and C-OH bonds
what do the reactions in respiration provide?
energy to produce ATP
what is aerobic respiration?
release of large quantities of ATP energy from glucose or another organic substrate in the presence of oxygen
what is produced during aerobic respiration?
carbon dioxide
what is anaerobic respiration?
takes place in the absence of oxygen and produces lactate in animal cells and carbon dioxide and ethanol in yeast cells, together with a small yield of ATP energy
what two substrates can be used to release energy in respiration?
glucose
fatty acids
what is most of the energy released in respiration used to synthesise?
ATP
what is the remainder of the energy released as?
heat
what are the similarities between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
both produce carbon dioxide
both produce ATP / energy
what are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
anaerobic does not require oxygen
aerobic requires oxygen
yield of energy is lower for anaerobic
