ATP

Question 1

what is ATP?

Answer 1

a nucleotide found in all living organisms

Question 2

what does ATP stand for?

Answer 2

adenosine triphosphate

Question 3

where is chemical energy stored in?

Answer 3

lipids or carbohydrates like glucose

Question 4

what does respiration oxidise?

Answer 4

glucose in a series of small reactions to release energy in the form of ATP

Question 5

why is ATP not an energy store but energy source?

Answer 5

involved in energy changes by carrying the energy to where it is needed and releasing the energy when ATP is broken down

Question 6

why is ATP often called the ‘universal energy currency’?

Answer 6

provides energy in all cells in all (biochemical) reactions in all organisms

Question 7

what role does ATP play in protein synthesis?

Answer 7

ATP required for amino acid activation in the cytoplasm

Question 8

what role does ATP play in active transport?

Answer 8

changes the shape of transport proteins

to move molecules against a concentration gradient

Question 9

what role does ATP play in bulk transport?

Answer 9

packaging and transport of secretory products, like enzymes in vesicles

Question 10

what role does ATP play in nerve transmission?

Answer 10

sodium/potassium pumps actively transport ions across the axon membrane

Question 11

what role does ATP play in muscle contraction?

Answer 11

energy is required for contraction of muscle fibres

Question 12

what role does ATP play in DNA replication?

Answer 12

synthesis of DNA from nucleotides during DNA replication at interphase

Question 13

how is ATP formed?

Answer 13

enzyme ATP Synthase combines ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and Pi (inorganic phosphate) in a condensation reaction

Question 14

how much input of energy is required for the formation of ATP and in what type of reaction?

Answer 14

30.6 kJ mol-1
endergonic reaction

Question 15

what is the addition of inorganic phosphate to ADP called?

Answer 15

phosphorylation

Question 16

what enzyme hydrolyses the terminal phosphate bond?

Answer 16

ATPase

Question 17

when the terminal phosphate bond is hydrolysed, how much small packet of energy is released and in what type of reaction?

Answer 17

30.6KJ mol-1
exergonic reaction

Question 18

what is formed when the hydrolysis of ATP is formed?

Answer 18

ADP and Pi

Question 19

how are the properties, structure and formation of ATP linked to its role in cells?

Answer 19

hydrolysis of ATP to ADP releases immediate energy –> hydrolysis of glucose takes much longer and involves many intermediate reactions

only one enzyme is needed to release energy from ATP, whereas many are needed in the case of glucose

ATP releases energy in small packets when and where it is needed

ATP is the universal energy currency in many reactions in all living organisms

ATP is easily transported across membranes