ATP Flashcards
what is ATP?
a nucleotide found in all living organisms
what does ATP stand for?
adenosine triphosphate
where is chemical energy stored in?
lipids or carbohydrates like glucose
what does respiration oxidise?
glucose in a series of small reactions to release energy in the form of ATP
why is ATP not an energy store but energy source?
involved in energy changes by carrying the energy to where it is needed and releasing the energy when ATP is broken down
why is ATP often called the ‘universal energy currency’?
provides energy in all cells in all (biochemical) reactions in all organisms
what role does ATP play in protein synthesis?
ATP required for amino acid activation in the cytoplasm
what role does ATP play in active transport?
changes the shape of transport proteins
to move molecules against a concentration gradient
what role does ATP play in bulk transport?
packaging and transport of secretory products, like enzymes in vesicles
what role does ATP play in nerve transmission?
sodium/potassium pumps actively transport ions across the axon membrane
what role does ATP play in muscle contraction?
energy is required for contraction of muscle fibres
what role does ATP play in DNA replication?
synthesis of DNA from nucleotides during DNA replication at interphase
how is ATP formed?
enzyme ATP Synthase combines ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and Pi (inorganic phosphate) in a condensation reaction
how much input of energy is required for the formation of ATP and in what type of reaction?
30.6 kJ mol-1
endergonic reaction
what is the addition of inorganic phosphate to ADP called?
phosphorylation
what enzyme hydrolyses the terminal phosphate bond?
ATPase
when the terminal phosphate bond is hydrolysed, how much small packet of energy is released and in what type of reaction?
30.6KJ mol-1
exergonic reaction
what is formed when the hydrolysis of ATP is formed?
ADP and Pi
how are the properties, structure and formation of ATP linked to its role in cells?
hydrolysis of ATP to ADP releases immediate energy –> hydrolysis of glucose takes much longer and involves many intermediate reactions
only one enzyme is needed to release energy from ATP, whereas many are needed in the case of glucose
ATP releases energy in small packets when and where it is needed
ATP is the universal energy currency in many reactions in all living organisms
ATP is easily transported across membranes
