basics of renal

Question 1

kidneys: primary or secondary retroperitoneal?

Answer 1

primary retroperitoneal

Question 2

kidney location: between what vertebral levels?

Answer 2

T12-L3

Question 3

kidney sympathetic innervation: what levels

ureters/bladder sympathetic innervation: what levels

Answer 3

T10-L1

T11-L2

Question 4

kidneys and ureter parasympathetic nerve?

ureter and bladder PS nerve?

Answer 4

1. vagus
2. pelvic splanchnic

Question 5

referred pain from kidneys and ureters: what dermatomes?

Answer 5

T10-L2

(remember kidneys is T10-L1, ureters and bladder is T11-L2 for sympathetic)

Question 6

2 main mechs of the kidney to maintain constant GFR

Answer 6

1. myogenic–intrinsic ability of vessels to respond to increased/decreased pressure
2. tubuloglomerular–macular densa at DCT senses Na concentration is releases chemicals that act on the afferent arterioles and the JGA cells (ro release renin)