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Obstetrics And Gynaecology > Basics Of Pregnancy > Flashcards

Basics Of Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Site of fertilisation

A

Ampulla of FT

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2
Q

What is morula?

A

8-16 called zygote surrounded by zona pellucida

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3
Q

What is zona pellucida?

A

Acellular
ZP3: Main receptor of sperm
Prevents polyspermy

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4
Q

Timelines related to pregnancy

A

D1: 1st day of LMP (Calculation of pregnancy from here)
D14: Fertilisation
D18: Morula enters uterine cavity
D19: Zona pellucida lost
D20: Implantation of blastocyst
D28: Missed period

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5
Q

Duration of preterm pregnancy

A

<37 weeks

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6
Q

Duration of term pregnancy

A

37-41+6 days
Early: 37-38+6 days
Full: 39-40+6 days
Late: 41-41+6 days

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7
Q

Duration of post term pregnancy

A

> =42 weeks

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8
Q

What is gravida?

A

Total no of times a female has conceived
Past+present pregnancies

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9
Q

What is parity?

A

No of pregnancies that have crossed period of viability(28 weeks)
Present pregnancies not included

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10
Q

What is multipara?

A

> =2 previous births

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11
Q

What is grand multipara?

A

> =5 previous births

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12
Q

What is Goodell sign?

A

Softening of cervix
6th week (1st sign)

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13
Q

What is Chadwick/Jacquemier sign?

A

Bluish discolouration of cervix/vagina
8th week

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14
Q

What is Osiander sign?

A

Lat vaginal wall pulsation
8th week

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15
Q

What is Palmer sign?

A

Rhythmic uterine contractions
8th week

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16
Q

What is Piskacek sign?

A

Unequal growth of uterus
8th week

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17
Q

What is Hegar sign?

A
  1. Softening of uterus
  2. Bimanual palpitation: Approximation of vaginal and abdominal fingers
    6-10 weeks
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18
Q

Signs seen in 8th week

A

Chadwick/Jacquemier sign
Osiander sign
Palmer sign
Piskacek sign
Hegar sign (6-10 weeks)

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19
Q

What is Quickening?

A

Perception of 1st Fetal movement by the mother
1. Primigravida: 18-20 weeks
2. Multigravida: 16-20 weeks

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20
Q

What is Lightening/Welcome sign?

A

Relief of resp discomfort after descent of fetal head into pelvis
Uterine height corresponds to 32 weeks

21
Q

Absolute signs of pregnancy

A
  1. Auscultation of FHS
    >Doppler: 10 weeks
    >Stethoscope: 20 weeks
  2. Palpation of fetal parts/fetal movement
  3. USG evidence of pregnancy
  4. Fetal skeleton visualized on X ray
22
Q

USG signs of pregnancy

A
  1. Intradecidual sign
  2. Double decidual sac sign
  3. Double bleb sign
23
Q

What is the 1st USG sign?

A

Intradecidual sign

24
Q

1st structure seen in Intradecidual sign

A

Gestational sign

25
In double decidual sac sign, G sac surrounded by
Inner ring: Decidua capsularis Outer ring: Decidua parietalis
26
Time at which obliteration of uterine cavity happens
14-16 weeks Obliteration of uterine cavity: Fusion of inner and outer ring
27
Double bleb sign formed by
Yolk sac and amniotic sac
28
Height of uterus
12 weeks: Pubic symphysis 22 weeks: Umbilicus Immediately after delivery: Just below umbilicus D1 after delivery: No change D2 onwards: Uterine height dec by 1 finger breadth per day
29
Structures seen in USG in pregnancy
1. G sac 2. Yolk sac 3. Fetal pole 4. Cardiac activity
30
Order of appearance of structures in USG
G sac -> Yolk sac -> Fetal pole(CRL) -> Cardiac activity
31
Time when G sac is seen
TVS: 4.5-5 weeks TAS: 5.5-6 weeks
32
Time when Yolk sac is seen
TVS: 5 weeks TAS: 6 weeks
33
Time when Fetal pole is seen
TVS: 5-5.5 weeks TAS: 6-6.5 weeks
34
Time when Cardiac activity is seen
TVS: 5.5-6 weeks TAS: 6.5-7 weeks
35
True G sac seen in
Intrauterine pregnancy
36
Pseudo G sac seen in Pseudo G sac: Thickened endometrium d/t progesterone
Ectopic pregnancy
37
__________ only indicates pregnancy
G sac
38
G sac+Yolk sac inside uterus
Intrauterine pregnancy
39
G sac+Yolk sac inside fallopian tube
Ectopic pregnancy
40
CRL value to get cardiac activity
7 mm
41
MSD to measure CRL MSD (Mean sac diameter): Critical cut off to visualise fetal pole/CRL
25 mm
42
HCG value to see G sac on TVS (Critical titre)
2000 IU
43
HCG value to see G sac on TAS (Critical titre)
6500 IU
44
Min value of HCG at which G sac is seen
1000 IU
45
If MSD >=25 mm and CRL cannot be measured
Missed abortion (Anembryonic pregnancy loss) Protocol: MTP
46
If MSD <25 MM and CRL not seen, protocol:
Wait and watch Repeat USG after 1 week
47
If CRL >=7 mm and cardiac activity -ve
Missed abortion Protocol: MTP
48
If CRL <7 mm and cardiac activity -ve, protocol:
Wait and watch Repeat USG after 1 week

Obstetrics And Gynaecology (10 decks)

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