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Chem/Physics > Basics of Physics Part 2 > Flashcards

Basics of Physics Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

_____ is the expenditure of energy. How is it defined?

A

a. Work

b. force acting through a distance.

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2
Q

What is the (SI) unit for work and energy?

A

Joules

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3
Q

A force does work when it _____ and _____.

A

a. acts on an object

b. displaces the object in the direction of the force.

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4
Q

What does W, F, and D stand for in the equation W = F x d

A 
W= work done
F= magnitude of the force
d= magnitude of the displacement (distance moved)
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5
Q

_____ is the energy a mass has by virtue of being in motion. Also called _____ because it is 1/2 the product of mass times the square of speed.

A

a. Kinetic energy

b. energy of motion

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6
Q

_____ and _____ both are measure in joules.

A

a. work

b. kinetic energy

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7
Q

The work-energy or work-kinetic energy theorem states that the total _____ done on a system is equal to _____.

A

a. work

b. the system’s change in kinetic energy

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8
Q

Define state functions. What variables are used?

A

a. mathematical functions that describe the “state” of a system.
b. Volume, pressure, temperature

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9
Q

_____ is the capacity for doing work.

A

Energy

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10
Q

_____ states that the amount of energy in the universe is constant and continuously being converted from one form to another.

A

Law of Energy Conservation

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11
Q

Joules = _____

A

calories

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12
Q

One calorie is defined to be the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of _____ of _____ by _____

A

a. 1g
b. water
c. 1 degree celsius

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13
Q

One calorie = ____ joules

A

4.184

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14
Q

Calorie with a capital C also known as a _____ or the _____.

Calorie = _____ calories.

A

a. kilocalorie
b. food calorie
c. 1,000

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15
Q

You expend 1 joule of energy when you _____ a 1 kg mass by 1 meter per second squared over a distance of _____.

A

a. accelerate

b. 1 meter

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16
Q

Giving a 1 kg mass 1 J of energy also requires you to expend 1 J of _____.

A

work

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17
Q

What is the term for stored energy by virtue of position that can be used later?

A

Potential energy

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18
Q

The sum of all kinetic energies plus all potential energies of the particles comprising the system = _____. Also described as a quantity that results from the state of the particles at a molecular level.

A

Internal energy

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19
Q

_____ is represented by the letter U.

A

Internal energy

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20
Q

In an idealized system of a gas:

  1. Molecules are considered point particles that neither _____ nor _____ one another.
  2. We assume that individual gas molecules move _____ inside a container, occasionally _____ with one another and the _____ of the container.
A

1)
a. attract
b. repel

2)

a. freely
b. colliding
c. walls

21
Q

What is thermodynamics?

A

The study of energy, how it changes forms, and how it flows in and out of thermodynamic systems.

22
Q

What law is described in the following sentences?

If 2 objects, A/B, are the same temperature and B/C are the same temperature then A/C are equal temperature which is called the _____ _____. This means no heat will flow between _____.

A

a. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
b. Thermal equilibrium
c. A/C

23
Q

Change in internal energy = energy transferred to an object from a _____ + _____

A

a. higher temperature body

b. work done on the object

24
Q

The First Law of Thermodynamics:

A change in the _____ energy of a system = _____ + _____

A

a. internal energy
b. heat flow of the system
c. work done by or on the system

25
Q
  1. What is the name of the law that contains the following facts?
    Q = heat
  2. Q > 0 = _____: energy flows _____ the system
  3. Q < 0 = _____: energy flows _____ the system
  4. W < 0 = _____: work done _____ the system.
  5. W > 0 _____: work done _____ the system.
A
  1. The First Law of Thermodynamics

2.

a) endothermic
b) into

  1. a) exothermic
    b) out of
  2. a) expansion
    b. by

5.

a) compression
b) on

26
Q

The Second Law of Thermodynamics also known as the _____ states that when two bodies are in thermal contact, heat spontaneously flows from a _____ body to a _____ body.

A

a. Entropy Law
b. hot
c. cold

27
Q

What is entropy?

A

A measure of randomness or disorder in a system

28
Q

Systems that are _____, _____, or _____ have more entropy.

A

a. randomized
b. chaotic
c. evenly mixed

29
Q

What law states that the entropy of the universe is constantly increasing? What does this imply?

A

a. The Second Law of Thermodynamics

b. The universe never, and a system almost never, spontaneously becomes more organized

30
Q

What law states that it is impossible to lower the temperature of an object to absolute 0?

A

The Third Law of Thermodynamics

31
Q

When two bodies are brought together, the flow of heat will occur (hot to cold) until _____

A

the temperatures of the two bodies are equal

32
Q

1) Term defined as:
- A numerical ranking of hot and cold.
- The tendency to gain or lose heat

2) Term defined as:
- Energy transferred as a result of a temperature difference.
- Energy which can be transferred

A

1) Temperature
2) Heat

-Note the differences

33
Q

What is the unit of measurement for heat?

A

Calorie

34
Q
  1. Define heat capacity.

2. Heat capacity = _____ x _____

A
  1. Ratio of amount of heat added or taken away from an object to the change in temperature of the object

2.

a) mass
b) specific heat

35
Q

Define specific heat.

A

Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of material by one degree celsius.

36
Q

Does water have a large or small specific heat?

A

High

37
Q

What does it mean when a material has a large specific heat?

A

A large amount of energy flow is needed before the temperature of the object will change.

38
Q

Do good thermal conductors have a high or low specific heat? Give an example.

A

a. Low

b. Metal pot

39
Q

Heat capacity of an object depends on _____ and _____. Therefore, _____ is often used instead.

A

a. its mass
b. type of material within it
c. specific heat

40
Q

List the percent of heat transfer for each of the following:

  1. Convection
  2. Conduction
  3. Radiation
  4. Evaporation
A
  1. 30%
  2. 20%
  3. 40%
  4. 10%
41
Q

What is the term defined as heat transfer caused by movement of a liquid or gas? Give example.

A

a. Convection

b. cold air blowing on a patient in OR

42
Q
  1. What is the term defined as heat transfer by direct interaction of molecules in a hot area with a cold area?
    a) Does this method involve body motion?
    b) Give an example.
A
  1. Conduction
    a) no
    b) Moving a patient to a cold table cools patient
43
Q

What is the term defined as the energy emitted from an object? Does this method require physical medium or contact between objects?

A

a. Radiation

b. no

44
Q

What is the term defined as heat lost through respiration? Give an example.

A

a. Evaporation

b. Surgical prep left on patient’s skin to dry

45
Q

List 3 facts that describe thermal expansion.

A
  1. Increasing heat will cause an object to expand
  2. Expansion is constant for a given material
  3. Expansion is constant in all directions.
46
Q

_____ is the rate of doing work or the rate of expending energy.

A

Power

47
Q

_____ =the amount of work done (W) during a given time (t) (_____) = W/t

A

a. & b. Average power

48
Q

Joules per second = _____

A

Watt (W)

49
Q

What is the unit for power?

A

Watt (W)

Chem/Physics (3 decks)

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