Basics of Physics Part 2

Question 1

_____ is the expenditure of energy. How is it defined?

Answer 1

a. Work

b. force acting through a distance.

Question 2

What is the (SI) unit for work and energy?

Answer 2

Joules

Question 3

A force does work when it _____ and _____.

Answer 3

a. acts on an object

b. displaces the object in the direction of the force.

Question 4

What does W, F, and D stand for in the equation W = F x d

Answer 4

W= work done
F= magnitude of the force
d= magnitude of the displacement (distance moved)

Question 5

_____ is the energy a mass has by virtue of being in motion. Also called _____ because it is 1/2 the product of mass times the square of speed.

Answer 5

a. Kinetic energy

b. energy of motion

Question 6

_____ and _____ both are measure in joules.

Answer 6

a. work

b. kinetic energy

Question 7

The work-energy or work-kinetic energy theorem states that the total _____ done on a system is equal to _____.

Answer 7

a. work

b. the system’s change in kinetic energy

Question 8

Define state functions. What variables are used?

Answer 8

a. mathematical functions that describe the “state” of a system.
b. Volume, pressure, temperature

Question 9

_____ is the capacity for doing work.

Answer 9

Energy

Question 10

_____ states that the amount of energy in the universe is constant and continuously being converted from one form to another.

Answer 10

Law of Energy Conservation

Question 11

Joules = _____

Answer 11

calories

Question 12

One calorie is defined to be the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of _____ of _____ by _____

Answer 12

a. 1g
b. water
c. 1 degree celsius

Question 13

One calorie = ____ joules

Answer 13

4.184

Question 14

Calorie with a capital C also known as a _____ or the _____.

Calorie = _____ calories.

Answer 14

a. kilocalorie
b. food calorie
c. 1,000

Question 15

You expend 1 joule of energy when you _____ a 1 kg mass by 1 meter per second squared over a distance of _____.

Answer 15

a. accelerate

b. 1 meter

Question 16

Giving a 1 kg mass 1 J of energy also requires you to expend 1 J of _____.

Answer 16

work

Question 17

What is the term for stored energy by virtue of position that can be used later?

Answer 17

Potential energy

Question 18

The sum of all kinetic energies plus all potential energies of the particles comprising the system = _____. Also described as a quantity that results from the state of the particles at a molecular level.

Answer 18

Internal energy

Question 19

_____ is represented by the letter U.

Answer 19

Internal energy

Question 20

In an idealized system of a gas:

1. Molecules are considered point particles that neither _____ nor _____ one another.
2. We assume that individual gas molecules move _____ inside a container, occasionally _____ with one another and the _____ of the container.

Answer 20

1)
a. attract
b. repel

2)

a. freely
b. colliding
c. walls

Question 21

What is thermodynamics?

Answer 21

The study of energy, how it changes forms, and how it flows in and out of thermodynamic systems.

Question 22

What law is described in the following sentences?

If 2 objects, A/B, are the same temperature and B/C are the same temperature then A/C are equal temperature which is called the _____ _____. This means no heat will flow between _____.

Answer 22

a. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
b. Thermal equilibrium
c. A/C

Question 23

Change in internal energy = energy transferred to an object from a _____ + _____

Answer 23

a. higher temperature body

b. work done on the object

Question 24

The First Law of Thermodynamics:

A change in the _____ energy of a system = _____ + _____

Answer 24

a. internal energy
b. heat flow of the system
c. work done by or on the system

Question 25

1. What is the name of the law that contains the following facts? Q = heat 2. Q > 0 = _____: energy flows _____ the system 3. Q < 0 = _____: energy flows _____ the system 4. W < 0 = _____: work done _____ the system. 5. W > 0 _____: work done _____ the system.

Answer 25

1. The First Law of Thermodynamics 2. a) endothermic b) into 3. a) exothermic b) out of 4. a) expansion b. by 5. a) compression b) on

Question 26

The Second Law of Thermodynamics also known as the _____ states that when two bodies are in thermal contact, heat spontaneously flows from a _____ body to a _____ body.

Answer 26

a. Entropy Law b. hot c. cold

Question 27

What is entropy?

Answer 27

A measure of randomness or disorder in a system

Question 28

Systems that are _____, _____, or _____ have more entropy.

Answer 28

a. randomized b. chaotic c. evenly mixed

Question 29

What law states that the entropy of the universe is constantly increasing? What does this imply?

Answer 29

a. The Second Law of Thermodynamics | b. The universe never, and a system almost never, spontaneously becomes more organized

Question 30

What law states that it is impossible to lower the temperature of an object to absolute 0?

Answer 30

The Third Law of Thermodynamics

Question 31

When two bodies are brought together, the flow of heat will occur (hot to cold) until _____

Answer 31

the temperatures of the two bodies are equal

Question 32

1) Term defined as: - A numerical ranking of hot and cold. - The tendency to gain or lose heat 2) Term defined as: - Energy transferred as a result of a temperature difference. - Energy which can be transferred

Answer 32

1) Temperature 2) Heat -Note the differences

Question 33

What is the unit of measurement for heat?

Answer 33

Calorie

Question 34

1. Define heat capacity. | 2. Heat capacity = _____ x _____

Answer 34

1. Ratio of amount of heat added or taken away from an object to the change in temperature of the object 2. a) mass b) specific heat

Question 35

Define specific heat.

Answer 35

Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of material by one degree celsius.

Question 36

Does water have a large or small specific heat?

Answer 36

High

Question 37

What does it mean when a material has a large specific heat?

Answer 37

A large amount of energy flow is needed before the temperature of the object will change.

Question 38

Do good thermal conductors have a high or low specific heat? Give an example.

Answer 38

a. Low | b. Metal pot

Question 39

Heat capacity of an object depends on _____ and _____. Therefore, _____ is often used instead.

Answer 39

a. its mass b. type of material within it c. specific heat

Question 40

List the percent of heat transfer for each of the following: 1. Convection 2. Conduction 3. Radiation 4. Evaporation

Answer 40

1. 30% 2. 20% 3. 40% 4. 10%

Question 41

What is the term defined as heat transfer caused by movement of a liquid or gas? Give example.

Answer 41

a. Convection | b. cold air blowing on a patient in OR

Question 42

1. What is the term defined as heat transfer by direct interaction of molecules in a hot area with a cold area? a) Does this method involve body motion? b) Give an example.

Answer 42

1. Conduction a) no b) Moving a patient to a cold table cools patient

Question 43

What is the term defined as the energy emitted from an object? Does this method require physical medium or contact between objects?

Answer 43

a. Radiation | b. no

Question 44

What is the term defined as heat lost through respiration? Give an example.

Answer 44

a. Evaporation | b. Surgical prep left on patient's skin to dry

Question 45

List 3 facts that describe thermal expansion.

Answer 45

1. Increasing heat will cause an object to expand 2. Expansion is constant for a given material 3. Expansion is constant in all directions.

Question 46

_____ is the rate of doing work or the rate of expending energy.

Answer 46

Power

Question 47

_____ =the amount of work done (W) during a given time (t) (_____) = W/t

Answer 47

a. & b. Average power

Question 48

Joules per second = _____

Answer 48

Watt (W)

Question 49

What is the unit for power?

Answer 49

Watt (W)