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Chemistry > Basics of organic chemistry > Flashcards

Basics of organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the empirical formula

A

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecules

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2
Q

What does the molecular formula mean

A

Provides the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecules

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3
Q

What is the structural formula

A

It shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecules without showing every bond

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4
Q

Define homologous series

A

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but each successive member differing by CH2

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5
Q

What is a functional group

A

A group of atoms responsible for characteristics of a compound

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6
Q

What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon

A

Hydrocarbons with carbon atoms joined together in a straight line or branched chain

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7
Q

what is an alicyclic hydrocarbon

A

Hydrocarbons arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains

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8
Q

What is an aromatic hydrocarbon

A

hydrocarbons that contain at least one benzene ring

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9
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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10
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

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11
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

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12
Q

what does saturated mean

A

Only contains single bonds

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13
Q

What does unsaturated mean

A

Contain at least one C=C double bond

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14
Q

Define structural isomerism

A

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

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15
Q

What are the three ways structural isomers can be formed

A

Alkyl groups in different places

Different location of functional groups

Different types of functional groups

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16
Q

what are sterioisomers

A

Organic compounds with the same structual formula but have a different arrangement in space

17
Q

How is E-Z isomerism caused

A

Caused by the limited rotation about the C=C double bonds

18
Q

How are E-Z isomers differentiated

A

If the two substituents with the highest atomic number are on the same side of the double bond, it is a Z isomer

If they are on different sides, it is the E isomer

19
Q

What is Cis-trans isomerism

A

Type of E/Z isomerism where the two substituents on each carbon atom are the same

20
Q

What is homolytic fission

A

It happens when each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair forming radicals

21
Q

What is heterolytic fission

A

When one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonded pair

22
Q

What are radicals

A

Highly reactive atoms or molecules with an unpaired electron

23
Q

How do radicals form covalent bonds

A

The radicals collide and the electrons are involved on the bond formation

24
Q
A

Chemistry (18 decks)

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