Basics of Lipids Flashcards
Name the 4 types of plasma lipids
Free fatty acids
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Where are plasma lipoproteins synthesized?
Liver
Small bower
What are apolipoproteins?
The protein component of plasma lipoproteins
2 functions of apolipoproteins
Recognised by membrane receptors
Act as co-factors/enzyme activators
What lipoprotein causes turbid serum in high concentration?
Chylomicons
Function of chylomicons
Transports exogenous triglycerides from GIT to rest of body
Function of VLDL
Transports endogenously formed triglyceride from liver to extra-hepatic cells for storage or as enegy source
Function of LDL
Main Cholesterol transporter to peripheral tissues
Function of HDL
Transports cholesterol from tissue to liver for excretion
Increased levels of lipoprotein(a) is associated with?
Increased risk of coronary artery disease
Function of capillary wall enzyme, Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL)
Hydrolises triglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol
Function of Hormone Sensitive Lipase (in fasting state)
Hydrolizes fatty tissue triglycerides, releasing free fatty acids for energy or to be converted in the liver to triglycerides
What happens to hepatic cholesterol?
Excreted in bile
Exported as VLDL
Lab investigations to check lipids
Lipogram
Lipoprotein (a)
Lipid electrophoresis
Hyperlipidaemia in tendons
Xantomata - esp in achilles in familial hypercholesterolaemia
Hyperlipidaemia in the cornea
Corneal Arcus
Hyperlipidaemia in subcutaneous tissue
Xantomata
Xantelasma (under peri-orbital skin)
Hyperlipidaemia in arterial walls
Atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease
Causes of Primary Hyperlipidaemia
Familial hypertriglyceridaemia
Familial hypercholesterolaemia
Familial combined hyperlipidaemia
Causes of Familial Hypertriglyceridaemia
Deficiency of LPL (1)
Increased synthesis of VLDL (4)
Causes of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia
LDL Receptor defect (2a)
Causes of Familial combined hyperlipidaemia
Accumulation of IDL (deficiency of ApoE)
What cause secondary hyperlipidaemia?
Increased cholesterol
Increased triglycerides
Both above increased
What conditions cause an increase in cholesterol?
Hypothyroidism
Nephrotic syndrome
Obstructive jaundice
What conditions cause an increase in triglycerides?
Diabetes mellitus Alcoholism Obesity Renal failure Estrogen therapy Drugs such as ß-blockers and corticosteroids
What conditions cause an increase in both cholesterol and triglycerides?
Diabetes mellitus Hypothyroidism Nephrotic syndrome Renal failure Tiazide diuretics
