Atherosclerosis And Risk Factors

Question 1

What are characteristics of atherosclerosis?

Answer 1

Lipid deposition
Fibrosis
Chronic inflammation

Question 2

name 3 constitutional/immutable risk factors

Answer 2

Age
Gender
Family history

Question 3

Name 4 major acquired risk factors

Answer 3

Hypertension
Raised LDL
DM
Smoking

Question 4

Name some minor risk factors

Answer 4

Obesity
Sedentary life style
Stress
Oral contraceptives
Hyperuricaemia
Hyperhomocysteinaemia

Question 5

Name the spectrum of lesions

Answer 5

Fatty streak
Fibrolipid plaque
Complicated

Question 6

Name 4 complicated lesions

Answer 6

Endothelial erosion with thrombus formation
Plaque rupture or fissuring
Aneurysm formation
Embolism

Question 7

What is advanced atherosclerotic plaque made up of?

Answer 7

Maacrophages
Lymphocytes
Smooth muscle
Layer of fibrous tissure

Question 8

What stimulates the proliferation of intimal smooth muscle?

Answer 8

Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)

Question 9

High LDL correlates with high incidence and death rates of?

Answer 9

Coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis)

Question 10

Atherosclerosis is also a major cause of?

Answer 10

Organ ischaemia and MI

Question 11

Name some modifiable risk factors for IHD

Answer 11

Smoking
Diet
Exercise
Obesity
Hypertension
DM

Question 12

Insulin resistance syndrome

Answer 12

Central obesity
Insulin resistance
Hypertension
Dyslipidaemia

Question 13

What strategies are used in primary prevention?

Answer 13

Screening
Mass education
Low cost measures

Question 14

Strict risk factor control values

Answer 14

LDL <7.8

Question 15

Best tools to select pts at high risk

Answer 15

Stress ECG
Elevated CRP
Microalbuminuria