Basics of chemistry

Question 1

Elements

Answer 1

Elements are made up of atoms and is the simplest form of matter. They also make up everything in living things.

Question 2

Atoms

Answer 2

The lowest of matter. They are small particles that makes up all things we see and touch.

Question 3

Protons

Answer 3

Are positive charge protons. They are tiny particles that are found in the center of the nucleus of every atom.

Question 4

Neutrons

Answer 4

Neutral neutrons are not charged. It’s a particle that can be found in the nucleus.

Question 5

Electrons

Answer 5

Negative charged electrons are a particle found outside of the nucleus.

Question 6

Atomic number

Answer 6

Number of protons in the nucleus. Number of protons equals to the number of electrons.

Question 7

Atomic mass

Answer 7

Number of protons + number of neutrons.

Question 8

Valence electrons

Answer 8

They are electrons that live on the outermost shell of an atom.

Question 9

Bohr model

Answer 9

Is a way of picturing how electrons are arranged in an atom.

Question 10

Isotope

Answer 10

Atoms with same number of protons but with different neutrons are called isotopes.

Question 11

Reactive

Answer 11

Refers to how a atom or molecule react to other atoms or molecules

Question 12

Inert

Answer 12

Is all about how unreactive molecules are.

Question 13

Octet rule

Answer 13

1st shell= 2 e’s

2nd shell= 8 e’s

3rd shell= 8 e’s

(2,8,8)

Question 14

Ion

Answer 14

An atom that has an electrical charge, either neg or pos

Question 15

Electronegativity

Answer 15

Atom’s ability to attract shared electrons to itself.

Question 16

Cation

Answer 16

Is a positively charged ion. Loses electrons

Question 17

Anion

Answer 17

Is a negative charged ion. It gains electrons

Question 18

Electrolyte

Answer 18

Are minerals in blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge.

Question 19

Ionic bond

Answer 19

Attraction between anions and cations

Question 20

Polar covalent bonds

Answer 20

Electrons shared unequally

Question 21

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Answer 21

Electrons shared equally

Question 22

Single covalent bond

Answer 22

A type of chemical bond where two atoms share one pair of electrons

Question 23

Double covalent bond

Answer 23

A type of two chemical bonds where two pairs of electrons

Question 24

Hydrophobic

Answer 24

They don’t like to mix with water. They would rather clump together to avoid water.

Question 25

Hydrophilic

Answer 25

They love to mix with water. They dissolve easily and are happy to be surrounded by water molecules.

Question 26

Hydrogen bond

Answer 26

Is a weak connection between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in A molecule and slightly negative atom

Question 27

Cohesion

Answer 27

Molecules cling to each other

W=W

Question 28

Adhesion

Answer 28

One substance that cling to each other

F=W

Question 29

Chemical reactivity

Answer 29

The ability to participate in chemical reactions

Question 30

Solute

Answer 30

Is the THING that you are adding to GET dissolved another substance (sugar)

Question 31

Solvent

Answer 31

The thing you are ADDING IT to (water)

Question 32

Solution

Answer 32

The final result (sugary water)

Question 33

Dissociation

Answer 33

A chemical compound that breaks into tiny pieces, like ions

Question 34

pH

Answer 34

It is a scale of how acidic and basic a solution is. 0-14. Anything below 7 is acidic. And the balance is 7.35-7.45.

Question 35

Alkaline/base

Answer 35

substance that accepts hydrogen ions in a solution (H+).

Question 36

Acid

Answer 36

Releases H+ ions in solution

Question 37

Buffer

Answer 37

keep the environment in living things stable. They try to stop changes in acidity.