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Addiction Counselor Training > Basics of Addiction > Flashcards

Basics of Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

referred to as the body’s chemical messengers. Used by the nervous system to transmit messages between neurons or from neurons to muscles.

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2
Q

Dopamine

A

Neurotransmitter, sending signals from the body to the brain. Creates feelings of pleasure and reward, which motivates repetitious specific behaviors. Found in regions that regulate movement, emotion, motivation, and pleasure.

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3
Q

Serotonin

A

Neurotransmitter (also considered a hormone by some) used to send messages between nerve cells. Regulates mood, appetite, digestion, is a precursor to melatonin and helps regulate sleep, and the body clock.

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4
Q

Blackout

A

Phenomenon caused by the intake of any substance or medication in which long term memory creation is impaired, therefore causing a complete inability to recall the past.

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5
Q

GABA

A

Naturally occurring amino acid that works as a neurotransmitter in your brain. Blocks or inhibits certain brain signals and decreases activity in your nervous system.

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6
Q

GABA Receptor

A

Protein in your brain when attached to GABA it produces a calming effect. Can help with feelings of anxiety, stress, and fear.

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7
Q

Synapse

A

A structure that permits a neuron (nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell (neural or otherwise).

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8
Q

Genetic:

A

Of or relating to genes or hereditary.

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9
Q

Hereditary

A

Genetic factor that is able to be passed on from parent to child.

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10
Q

Predisposition

A

An increased likelihood of developing a particular disease based on a person’s genetic makeup.

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11
Q

Environmental

A

Relating to or arising from a person’s surroundings.

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12
Q

DNA

A

Nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell.

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13
Q

Disease (1)

A

Pathological condition with an identifiable group of signs or symptoms.

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14
Q

Disease (2)

A

A condition or tendency society regards as abnormal and harmful.

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15
Q

Concept

A

A general idea derived or inferred from specific instances or occurrences. Something formed in the mind: a thought or notion.

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16
Q

Recovery

A

A return to a normal state of mind or strength.

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17
Q

Relapse

A

To fall or slide back into a formal state. To regress after partial recovery.

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18
Q

Chemical

A

A drug, especially an illicit or addictive one.

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19
Q

Abuse

A

To use wrongly or improperly; misuse; identified by significant negative consequences

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20
Q

Dependency

A

Identified by increased tolerance and the presence of withdrawal symptoms

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21
Q

Primary

A

First or highest in rank

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22
Q

Addiction

A

A chronic, relapsing disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite serious adverse consequences, and by long-lasting changes in the brain.

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23
Q

Barbiturates

A

Sedative-hypnotics, a type of central nervous system (CNS) depressant used to promote sleep (usually in surgical procedures), treat insomnia, seizures, and headaches.

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24
Q

Benzodiazepine

A

A type of CNS depressant prescribed to relieve anxiety and sleep problems. Valium and Xanax are among the most widely prescribed medications.

25
Q

Buprenorphine

A

A mixed opiate agonist/antagonist medication approved by the FDA in Oct. 2002 for the treatment of opioid addiction (e.g. heroin).

26
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

The brain and spinal cord.

27
Q

CNS Depresseants

A

A class of drugs that slow CNS function (also called sedatives and tranquilizers), some of which are used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders; includes barbiturates and benzodiazepines.

28
Q

Comorbidity

A

The occurrence of two disorders or illnesses in the same person, also referred to as co-occurring conditions or dual diagnosis. Patients may experience a more severe illness course and require treatment for each or all conditions.

29
Q

Detoxification

A

A process in which the body rids itself of a drug (or its metabolites). During this period, withdrawal symptoms can emerge that may require medical treatment. This is often the first step in drug abuse treatment.

30
Q

Methadone

A

A long-acting synthetic opioid medication that is effective in treating opioid addiction and pain.

31
Q

Norepinephrine

A

A neurotransmitter present in the brain and the peripheral (sympathetic) nervous system; and a hormone released by the adrenal glands. Is involved in attention, responses to stress, and it regulates smooth muscle contraction, heart rate, and blood pressure.

32
Q

Opioid

A

A compound or drug that binds to receptors in the brain involved in the control of pain and other functions (e.g. morphine, heroin, hydrocodone, oxycodone).

33
Q

Physical Dependence

A

An adaptive physiological state that occurs with regular drug use and results in a withdrawal syndrome when drug use is stopped; often occurs with tolerance. By itself it does not constitute addiction.

34
Q

Polydrug Abuse

A

The abuse of two or more drugs at the same time, such as CNS depressants and alcohol.

35
Q

Prescription drug abuse

A

Use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than as prescribed, or for the experience or feeling elicited. Term is used interchangeably with “nonmedical” use.

36
Q

Psychotherapeutics

A

Drugs that have an effect on the function of the brain and often are used to treat psychiatric/neurologic disorders. (Opioids, CNS depressants, and stimulants)

37
Q

Sedatives

A

Drugs that suppress anxiety and promote sleep.

38
Q

Stimulants

A

A class of drugs that enhances the activity of monamines (e.g. dopamine) in the brain, increasing arousal, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, and decreasing appetite.

39
Q

Tolerance

A

A condition in which higher doses of a drug are required to produce the same effect achieved during initial use’ often associated with physical dependence.

40
Q

Tranquilizers

A

Drugs prescribed to promote sleep or reduce anxiety

41
Q

Withdrawal

A

Symptoms that occur after Chronic use of a drug is reduced abruptly or stopped.

42
Q

Cravings

A

Identified by triggers and urges

43
Q

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

A

Passed by Teddy Roosevelt, prohibited misbranding adulterated foods, drinks, and drugs and eventually led to the creation of the FDA

44
Q

Substance Abuse Disorder

A

Once “addiction” now has the three components: Abuse, Dependence, Cravings

45
Q

Harrison Narcotics Tax Act (1914)

A

Regulated and taxed the production, importation, and distribution of opiates and coca product

46
Q

Alcoholism is defined as a disease.

A

1956: American Medical Association presents evidence to the U.S. Supreme Court to establish a definition for alcoholism.

47
Q

Inhalents

A

Fastest route to addiction.

48
Q

Spectrum of Substance Use, Abuse

A
  1. Drug Experimentation
  2. Social Use of Drugs
  3. Binge Drinking
  4. Substance Abuse
  5. Addiction/Chemical Dependency
49
Q

DSM-V

A

Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

50
Q

Model of Recovery

A
  1. Transition
  2. Stabilization
  3. Early Recovery
  4. Middle Recovery
  5. Late Recovery
  6. Maintenance
51
Q

The Disease Concept

A
  1. Primary
  2. Chronic
  3. Progressive
  4. Permanent/Chronic
  5. Fatal if left unchecked
  6. Treatable
52
Q

Controlled Substances Act (1970)

A

Consolidated and updated most drug laws that had been passed in the 20th century. DEA was created (‘73) and charged with enforcing the legislation. Established Drug Scheduling.

53
Q

5 Classes of Drugs

A

1.Narcotics
2.Depressants
3.Stimulants
4.Hallucinogens
5.Anabolic steroids

54
Q

Schedule I

A

Drugs with a high abuse potential and no approved medical uses.

55
Q

Schedule II

A

Substances with a high abuse potential even though they have medical uses.

56
Q

Schedule III

A

Substances with less abuse potential (e.g., anabolic steroids)

57
Q

Schedule IV

A

Drugs that have even less abuse potential (e.g., Valium)

58
Q

Schedule V

A

Substances with very low abuse potential because of very limited quantities of narcotic and stimulant drugs; some sold over the counter.

Addiction Counselor Training (4 decks)

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