Basics, CV and Diabetes Flashcards
How many people die of NCDs anually?
40 million (70%)
What type of diseases account for most of the NCD deaths each year?
Cardiovascular (17.7 million), cancers (8.8 million), respiratory (3.9 millon, diabetes (1.6 million)
Genereal risk fasctors for NCDs?
Tobacco use, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol, bad diet
What can protect against death of NCDs?
Detection, screening, treatment, palliative care
What does the epidemiological transition entail?
A shift from a higher burden from NCDs instead of CDs
What is the double burden of disease?
Persistance of communicable and non-communicable diseases
What are the main cardiovascular diseases?
Ischemic heart disease and stroke
How is the burden of cardiovascular diseases distributed?
Twice as many deaths in LMIC than in HIC. Incidence is going down in HIC while they are rising in LMIC
Why is cardiovascular diseases an issue in LMIC?
Non-access to primary health care programmes, lack of detection possibility, economic cost since the health care either cost or the lack of income as a result of inability to work, mental burden
How many people live with diabetes?
415 million, 75% in LMIC
What demographic changes leads to an increase in diabetes?
Urbanisation, diet change, reduction in physical ability
What can diabetes lead to?
Blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke, amputations
How can diabetes and its consequences be avoided or delayed?
Diet, physical activity, medication, screening and treatment
What actually is diabetes?
Chronic disease where the pancreas either doesn’t produce enough insulin or when the body can’t use the insulin
What does insulin do?
Hormone that controls blood sugar
What is hyperglycaemia?
Raised blood sugar and can lead to serious damage
What is type 1 diabetes?
Cause not known, maybe a viral infection, body attacks its own pancreas cells
What is type 2 diabetes?
Most of the global cases, body can’t take use of insulin and is often a result of a bad lifestyle
What is gestational diabetes?
Blood glucose levels high but lower than those with diabetes and often occurs during pregnancy
What is risks of gestational diabetes?
Higher risk of complications and that & their child is of higher risk of developing type 2 later on
Consequences of diabetes?
Damage of heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, nerves, reduced blood flow leading to amputation
How to prevent type 2?
Body weight, diet, tobacco etc
Treatment for diabetes?
Lifestyle changes, insulin injection, blood pressure control, foot care
