Basics / Back

Question 1

what does TART stand for?

Answer 1

• texture
• assymetry
• restriction in ROM
• tenderness

Question 2

what are the “acute” TART findings?

Answer 2

• T - hot, boggy, moist
• A - present
• R - pain on motion
• T - sharp pain

“red hot findings”

Question 3

what are the chronic TART findings?

Answer 3

• T - cool, ropey, dry
• A - present
• R - +/- pain on motion
• T - dull ache

Question 4

flexion / extension occurs on a […] plane and around a […]

Answer 4

sagittal

horizantal

Question 5

rotation occurs on a […] plane and around a […]

Answer 5

transverse

vertical

Question 6

sidebending occurs on a […] plane and around a […]

Answer 6

coronal

anterior-posterior

Question 7

active motion reaches the […] barrier, and passive motion reaches the […] barrier

Answer 7

physiologic

anatomic

Question 8

where does the restrictive barrier lie amongst the neutral, physiolgic, and anatomic barriers?

Answer 8

• between the neutral and physiologic barriers
• it is less motion than what the patient should be physiologically capable of

Question 9

concentric and eccentric muscle contractions are both types of […] contraction

Answer 9

isotonic

Question 10

what is isotonic contraction?

name and define the two types of isotonic muscle contraction.

Answer 10

• isotonic = contraction that results in change in muscle length
  
  • concentric: contraction → muscle ends approximate (shorten)
  • eccentric: contraction → muscle ends distance (lengthen)

Question 11

define isolytic contraction

Answer 11

a “breaking” of muscle contraction due to force

example: arm wrestler losing, arm smacked down

Question 12

define isometric contraction

Answer 12

a contraction that results in no change of muscle length because it is met with and equal and opposite force

Question 13

muscle energy is a clinical application of […] contraction

Answer 13

isometric

Question 14

list the spinal levels of each thoracic vertebrae

Answer 14

• T1-T3: at same vertebral level
• T4-T6: at 1/2 vertebral level below
• T7-T9: at 1 full vertebral level below
• T10: at 1 full vertebral level below
• T11: at 1/2 vertebral level below
• T12: at same vertebral level

Question 15

what is the orientation of the superior facets of the vertebrae?

Answer 15

• cervical vertebrae - backwards, upwards, medial (“BUM”)
• thoracic vertebrae - backwards, upwards, lateral (“BUL”)
• lumbar vertebrae - backwards, medial (“bee, M”

bum-bul-bee, M

Question 16

describe the superior facet orientation of the cervical vertebae

Answer 16

backwards, upward, medial

Question 17

describe the superior facet orientation of the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 17

backwards, upwards, lateral

Question 18

describe the superior facet orientation of the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 18

backwards, medial

Question 19

in flexion, the facets normally [open / close] and move [cephalad / caudad], while in extension, the facets normally [open / close] and move [cephalad, caudad]

Answer 19

• flexion - open, move cephalad
• extension - closed, move caudad

Question 20

what is the primary motion at each of the following

• OA
• AA
• cervical vertebrae

Answer 20

• OA - F/E
• AA - rotation
• cervical
  
  • C2-C4: rotation
  • C5-C7: sidebending

Question 21

sternocleidomastoid - origins & insertions

Answer 21

• origins - manubrium (sternal head), medial 1/3 of clavicle (clavicular head)
• insertions - mastoid process

Question 22

sternocleidomastoid - actions

Answer 22

• flexes
• sidebends away
• rotates towards