basics Flashcards
what’s an anion
a negatively charged ion
what’s a cation?
positively charged ion
which bond can only conduct electricity when molten or solution?
ionic
why do giant lattices have such high melting/boiling points?
because they have strong intermolecular forces between molecules
when can ionic substances conduct electricity
when they are liquid
why can’t giant latices conduct electricity
because there are no free electrons
what charge does group 1 elements/ions have
+
what charge do group 2 ions have
2+
what charge do group 3 ions have
3+
what charge do group 5 ions have
3-
what charge do group 6 ions have
2-
what charge do group 7 ions have
-
what charge do protons have
positive
what charge do neutrons have
neutral
what charge do electrons have
-
the number of protons of an atom is always the same as the number of…
electrons
if an atom gains an electron, it has a ….. charge?
negative
if an atom loses an electron, it has a ….. charge?
positive
what is an ion?
an atom that’s lost of gained electrons, giving it an overall charge
what bond is a non metal + metal
ionic
what bond is non metal + non metal
covalent
what force holds together ionic compounds?
electrostatic
what is the electrons per shell rule?
2,8,8
what bond are simple molecules?
covalent
what state are simple molecules at room temp?
gas or liquid (usually)
giant ionic structures contain ….. ions?
charged (-/+)
allotropes of carbon?
graphite, diamond, charcoal.
what structures does diamond have?
giant covalent lattice
moles triangle
m= n (number of moles) x Mr (Relative mass)
number of molecules triangle?
N (no. of molecules) = n (moles) x Nav (avagadro’s number
what is avagardo’s number?
6.022 x 10^23
how do you work out the empirical formula
M R D Ds F (mass, relative mass, divide, divide by smallest, formula)
what is meant by the empirical formula of a compound?
the compound in its simplest form. eg C6H12O6 would be C3H4O3
to separate sand and water, what experiment would you use?
filtration
what experiment do you use to separate salt from salt water?
distillation
what experiment do you use to separate a mixture?
chromatography
how do you separate elements with different boiling points?
fractional distillation
what is a mole
the relative atomic mass in grams, and avagadro’s number
