basics Flashcards
what is the order of the AA backbone
-Cα-C(=O)-N-Cα-
when are the polar carboxyl AAs deprotonated (acidic form)
at pH ≥ 7
what is a use of hydrophobic residues
to line a hydrophobic pocket for a hydrophobic substrate
what is an example of H-bond acceptor
the lone pair on =O
what is an example of a H-bond donor
the -H of an amino group or hydroxyl group
what is the shape of sp3 in C
tetrahedral, the 1s of H overlaps with sp3 of C - sigma bond
109.5 degrees
what is the shape of sp2 in C, what relevance does this have to AAs
trigonal with 3 sp2s at 120 degrees from each other
leaving one P either side of the trigonal planar sp2s
this leads to the planar geometry of the -C(=O)-N- bond in AA backbone
what overlaps to make a sigma bond between C-C
sp2 - sp2 overlap
what orbitals overlap to make a sigma bond between C-H
sp2 - s overlap
what overlaps to make a pi bond between C=C
p - p overlap
what is a nucleophile and how is it different to a base
it donates electrons like a base but the bond is usually formed to something other than a H
