Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry F4 EoY > Basics > Flashcards

Basics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

solids

A
  • fixed shape/ volume
  • can’t be compressed
  • least KE
  • regular arrangement
  • vibrates in place
  • strong intermolecular forces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

liquids

A
  • no fixed shape
  • takes shape of bottom of container
  • flows
  • can’t be compressed
  • no regular arrangement
  • moves randomly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gases

A
  • no fixed shape
  • takes shape of whole container
  • can be compressed
  • no fixed volume
  • weakest intermolecular forces
  • no regular arrangement
  • moves randomly quickly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

solid to liquid

A

melting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

liquid to gas

A

boiling/ evaporating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gas to liquid

A

condensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

liquid to solid

A

freezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

kinetic particle theory

A
  • more kinetic energy= weakest forces
  • higher temp. = more kinetic energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pressure in gases decreases

A

volume increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

concentration

A

measure of a number of particles in a given volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

diffusion

A

net movement of particles from a region of high conc. to a region of low conc. down the conc. gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

concentration gradient

A

difference in conc. of a fluid between 2 areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

greater molecular mass

A

particles move slower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

effect of temperature on rate of diffusion

A
  • higher temp. = more kinetic energy = move faster = increases rate of diffusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

element

A

substances made up of only one type of atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

compound

A

elements chemically bonded together (not easily separated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mixture

A

substances found together, not chemically bonded (easily separated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

electrical conductivity in metals

A
  • good electrical conductors
    (they have delocalised electrons and are free to carry the charge)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

thermal conductivity in metals

A
  • good thermal conductors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

malleability in metals

A
  • very malleable
    (easy to shape and bend)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ductility in metals

A
  • very ductile
    (easily stretched into wires)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

melting/ boiling point of metals

A
  • high melting/ boiling points
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

solvent

A

liquid in which a solute dissolves in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

solute

A

substance that is dissolved in a solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

solution

A

mixture of (1 or more) solutes dissolved in a solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

saturated solution

A

solution with maximum conc. of a solute dissolved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

filtrate

A

liquid/ solution that passed through a filter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

residue

A

substance that remains after evap./ distillation/ filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Rf formula

A

distance travelled by solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

mass number

A

larger number

31
Q

proton number

A

smaller number

32
Q

number of outershell electrons

A

group number

33
Q

number of shells

A

period number

34
Q

isotopes

A

atoms with the same proton number but different neutron number

35
Q

group 7 (halogens)

A
  • diatomic
  • non-metals
  • density increases going down
  • melting point increases going down
  • reactivity decreases going down
    -iodine= grey-black solid
  • bromine= red-brown liquid
  • chlorine= yellow-green gas
36
Q

transition elements

A
  • high density
  • high melting point
  • unreactive
  • catalysts
  • forms coloured compounds
  • ions with variable oxidation numbers
37
Q

group 8 (noble gases)

A
  • colourless gases
  • monoatomic
  • very unreactive (inert)
38
Q

collision theory

A
  • particles must collide with correct orientation and sufficient energy (activation energy)
39
Q

activation energy

A

minimum energy needed to create a reaction

40
Q

effect of catalysts in activation energy

A

lowers it

41
Q

cations

A

positive ions

42
Q

anions

A

negative ions

43
Q

ionic bond

A

strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

44
Q

properties of ionic compounds

A
  • high melting/ boiling point
  • good conductor when aqueous/ molten
  • poor conductor when solid
  • giant ionic lattice
  • regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions
45
Q

properties of covalent bonds

A
  • low melting/ boiling point
    -poor electrical conductor
46
Q

covalent bonds

A

pair of electrons is shared between 2 atoms leading to a noble gas electronic configuration

47
Q

diamond

A
  • giant covalent
  • carbon atoms only
  • each carbon bonded to 4 others
  • no delocalised electrons
  • can’t conduct
  • very hard, used for cutting tools
  • high melting point
  • doesn’t dissolve in water
48
Q

graphite

A
  • only carbon
  • each carbon boded to 3 other
  • organised in hexagons, making layers
  • conducts electricity
  • layers can slide over eachother (soft and slippery) (weak forces between layers)
  • used as lubricant and electrode
49
Q

silicon (IV) dioxide (SiO2)

A
  • silicon bonded with 4 oxygens, oxygen bonded with 2 silicons
  • high melting point
  • doesn’t conduct
  • doesn’t dissolve
  • hard
50
Q

metals and dilute acid

A

make salt and hydrogen

51
Q

metals and water

A

make metal hydroxide and hydrogen

52
Q

metals and oxygen

A

makes metal oxides

53
Q

aluminium properties

A
  • very low density
  • strong
  • good conductor
  • corrosion resistant

used to make:
- aircrafts (low den.)
- overhead electrical cables (low den.)(good cond.)
- food containers (corrosion resistant)

54
Q

copper use

A
  • electrical wiring (ductile/ elec. cond.)
55
Q

reactivity series order

A

potassium
sodium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
carbon
zinc
iron
hydrogen
copper
silver
gold

56
Q

potassium and water

A
  • violent
  • potassium floats , melts, catches fire
  • burns with lilac flame
  • hydrogen gas released
57
Q

sodium and water

A
  • floats, moves rapidly
  • heat melts it
  • hydrogen gas released
58
Q

calcium and water

A
  • water becomes milky white
  • hydrogen gas released
59
Q

aluminium’s unreactivity

A
  • surface atoms react with oxygen in the air to form a protective aluminium oxide layer
  • barrier to prevent inner metal from corroding
60
Q

displacement reactions

A
  • more reactive metal elements displace less reactive metal ions
  • less reactive= reduced= gains electrons
  • more reactive= oxidised= loses electrons
61
Q

metallic bonding

A

electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions in a giant metallic lattice and a sea of delocalised electrons

62
Q

alloys

A

mixture of a metal with other elements

63
Q

brass

A

mixture of copper and zinc

64
Q

stainless steel

A

mixture of iron and chromium, nickel and carbon

used for cutlery (hard + resistant to rusting)

65
Q

redox reactions

A

involving oxidation and reduction reactions and loss and gain of electrons and loss and gain of oxygen

66
Q

oxidation

A
  • gain of oxygen
  • loss of electrons
  • increase in oxidation number
67
Q

reduction

A
  • loss of oxygen
  • gain of electrons
  • decrease in oxidation number
68
Q

oxidising agent

A

oxidises another substance and reduces itself

69
Q

reducing agent

A

reduces another substance and oxidises itself

70
Q

rusting

A

oxidation of iron
- conditions: air and moisture

iron + water + oxygen –> hydrated iron (iii) oxide

71
Q

barrier methods

A

painting, coating with plastic, greasing, galvanising, sacrificial protection, greasing

72
Q

sacrificial protection

A
  • placing iron/ steel in contact with a more reactive metal (ie zinc)
73
Q

galvanising

A
  • coating iron/ steel with zinc
  • barrier formed and if it is scratched, it is more reactive, so it corrodes instead of iron

Chemistry F4 EoY (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions