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Neurology > Basic Topography Of The CNS > Flashcards

Basic Topography Of The CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cerebral hemisphere?

A

Is where the higher congitive functions occur such as memory, learning and emotions

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2
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

Higher thought such as problem solving

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3
Q

What is the function of the cerbellum?

A

Is important for cordinated muscle acitivtiy

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4
Q

What is the function of the occiptal lobe ?

A

Vision

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5
Q

What is the function of the brainstem?

A

Autonomic functions, including breathing and the regualtion of the autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

Is involved in feeding hearing and balance, the pattern generator for chewing that occurs via the trigeminal nerves and bridges the two halves of the cerbellum

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7
Q

What is the function of the meducll?

A

Is important for automonics (espcially the vagus nerve) and helps regulate breathing and the CVS

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8
Q

What is the function of the midbrain?

A

Controls the occulamotro and the trochlear nerves, and therefore moves the eyes

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9
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Is involved in memory and emotion

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10
Q

What is the role of the spinal cord?

A

Transmits information from the cerebral hemisphers to the peripheral nervous syste, and mediates the spinal reflexes.

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11
Q

What are some of the sturtural features of the spinal cord?

A

Is a cord of white matter that is surrounded by a shell ofgrey matter, pairs of spinal nerveas emerge from it, and they contain motor axons that control volutnary muscles and sesnory axons.

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12
Q

What myelinates in the CNS>

A

Olgiodendrocytes

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13
Q

What myelinates in the PNS>

A

Schwann cells

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14
Q

What are some of the features of the immune response in the CNS?

A

Has a dampaned down immune response, as a large immune response could cause swelling of the brian and kill you

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15
Q

What are some of the features of the lymphatic drainage of the CNS?

A

Is abnormal.

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16
Q

What does the central sulcus seperate?

A

The parietal and the fronal lobe

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17
Q

What does the lateral sulcus seperate?

A

The temproal lobe from the frontal lobe and the pariteal lobe

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18
Q

What are the furrows in the surface of the brian called?

A

Sulci

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19
Q

What are two of the key features of the temporal lobe?

A

The temproal poles and the unus

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20
Q

What is the role of the meniges?

A

To surround the CNS and suspend it in the protective fluid of the CSF.

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21
Q

What are some of the features of the dura mateer?

A

A tough, single layer of fiborud tissue that is fused with the endosteum of the skull.

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22
Q

What happens when the dura mater seperates from the periosteum>

A

The intervening spaces contain the dural venous sinuses

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23
Q

What are the two dural folds found in the dura mater in the cranial cavity?

A

The falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli

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24
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

A

The periosteal dura on the inner surface of the skull, and the menigeal dura

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25
Q

What are some of the improtant features of the arachoid mater?

A

Is a thin, fibrocellular layer in direct contact with the dura mater, and the space underneath, the subarachoid space contains the CSF

26
Q

What are some of the features of the Pia mater?

A

Invests the brain closley, following its contours, and is fibrocellular

27
Q

Where does blood collect in a extra- dural heamotoma?

A

Aterial blood collecs between the skull and the endosteal layer of the dura

28
Q

Where does blood collect in a subdural heamotoma?

A

Between the dura mater and the aracheoid mater, and results from damage to the cerebral veins

29
Q

What are some of the effects of mennigits?

A

Immune respinse causes cerebral odema and therefore raised intercrnail pressure, and part of the brain can be forced out of the cranial cavity and cause a cranial herniation, and in combination with the systemic hypotension the reduced intercranila pressure reduces cerebral perfusion

30
Q

What are the ventricles?

A

A set of connecting cavities within the brain responsible fror the production, transport and removal of the cerebrospinal fluid

31
Q

What are some of the functions of CSF?

A

Protection, acts as a cushion for the brain, buoyancy as it reduces the weight of the brain, and chemical stability- creates an enviroment for proper functioning of the brain and maintaining a low K+

32
Q

What is the structure that produces CSF?

A

The choroid plexus

33
Q

What cells line the ventricles?

A

Ependyml cells

34
Q

What connects the lateral ventricle and the third ventrcle?

A

The formanen of monro

35
Q

Where is the third ventricle located?

A

Between the right and left thalmus

36
Q

What connects the third ventricle and the fourth venticle?

A

The cerebral aqueduct

37
Q

Where is the fourth ventricle found?

A

In the brainstem at the junction of the ponse and the medulla oblangata

38
Q

What is hydrocelpahlus?

A

A abnormal collection of CSF within the ventricles of the brain

39
Q

What are some of the effects of hydrocelphalus?

A

Can cause a raised intercarnail pressure and consquetly cerebral atrophy

40
Q

What is a communicatining or non obstructive hydrocelphaus?

A

This is an abnormal collection of CSF in the absence of flow obstruction in the ventricles, and is caused by functional impairment of the arachnoid granulations such as fibrosis of the subn-arachnoid space following a haemorrhage

41
Q

What is a non communication hydrocelphaus?

A

This is a abnormal collection of CSF with flow obstruction, a common site is teh cerebral aqueduct

42
Q

What is decussation?

A

In the CNS, nerve axons coross the midline

43
Q

What is in the grey matter?

A

Cell bodies and synaspes

44
Q

What is in the white matter?

A

Neruonal axons and the assoicated glial cells

45
Q

Where of the cell bodies of the sensory neurones found?

A

The dorsal root ganglion

46
Q

What connects the neighboruing gyri in the brain?

A

Ribres that are called commissural fibres

47
Q

What do projection fibres do?

A

Run longitudinally in the CNS

48
Q

What is a tract?

A

A connection between two areas of grey matter

49
Q

What are fasciuli?

A

The subdivsisons within a tract

50
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex found?

A

Is found on the precentral gryus, which is anterior to the central suclus

51
Q

Where is the primary sensory cortex found?

A

In the post central gyrus which is behind the central sulcus

52
Q

What does the great longitudinal fissure do?

A

Seperate the right and the left hemisphers

53
Q

What is the uncus?

A

The medial most part of the temproal lobe

54
Q

What is the clinical significance of the uncus?

A

In increased cranial pressure the uncus can start to compress the midbrain, causing symptoms including a third nerve palsy

55
Q

What is the part of the gyri directly above the corpus cavernosum?

A

This is called the singulate gyrsy

56
Q

What is the clincal singificane of the singluate gyrus?

A

A space occupying lesion can push the singulate gyrus to the other part of the head, and the anterior cerebral artery runs within the singulate gyrus and can be compressed in a space occupying lesion

57
Q

What is the thin membrane of tissue found underneath the corpus cavenousum?

A

The septum pellucidum, it seperates the lateral venticles

58
Q

What is a seizure?

A

An abornaml excessive activation of part of the brain

59
Q

Where do mengiomas tend to arise from>

A

The arachoid mater

60
Q

Why can a tumour be the origin for a sezuire?

A

The neurones can be compressed

61
Q

What is a Jacksonian seizure?

A

Where there is a progression of seizure activity through the homunculus.

62
Q

What happens to the abnormal brain activity in a seizure?

A

Can spread to the adjacent regions of the cortex, and there is a battle between excitation and inhibition- so you can activate the GABA receptors to try to stop the seziures

Neurology (3 decks)

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