Basic Surgical Technique Flashcards
what are basic principles of a surgical
risk assessment
aseptic technique
minimal trauma to hard and soft tissues
what are the stages of surgery
anaesthesia
access
bone removal
tooth division
debridement
suture
achieve haemostasis
post op instructions
post op medication
what is key to remember in surgical access
maximal access with minimal trauma
how do you make a surgical access
wide based incision
scalpel in one continuous stroke
no sharp angles
adequate sized flap
reflect flap down to bone
keep tissue moist
dont close wounds under tension
what is used to make soft tissue retraction
howarth’s periosteal elevator
what is used for bone removal
electrical straight handpiece with saline cooled bur
why are air driven handpieces not used for surgical access
can lead to emphysema
what burs are used for bone removal
round or fissure tungsten carbide burs
what are the 2 types of flap
2 sided
3 sided
what are the principles of use of elevators
avoid excessive force
support instrument to avoid injury to patient
ensure force applied away from major structures
use under direct vision
dont use adjacent tooth as fulcrum
what are the uses of elevators
provide point of application for forceps
loosen teeth prior to using forceps
extract a tooth without use of forceps
removal of multiple root stumps
removal of retained roots
removal of root apices
what are the 3 basic actions of elevators
wheel and axle
wedge
lever
what do you use to physically debride bony edges
bone file or handpiece
what do you use to physically debride soft tissue
mitchells trimmer or victoria curette
what do you use for irrigation
sterile saline
what are the aims of suturing
reposition tissues
cover bone
prevent wound breakdown
achieve haemostasis
encourage healing by primary intention
what are the 4 categories of sutures
absorbable
non-absorbable
polyfilament
monofilament
when are non-absorbable sutures used
if extended retention period required
closure of OAF or exposure of canine tooth
what are the disadvantages of polyfilament sutures
oral fluids and bacteria pass along suture and result in infection
when are absorbable sutures used
when removal of suture is not possible/desired
when are absorbable sutures used
when removal of suture is not possible/desired
how are absorbable sutures dissolved
vicryl breakdown via absorption of water into filaments causes polymer to degrade
what are the advantages of monofilament sutures
can pass easily through tissue
resistant to bacterial colonisation
what type of suture needle is used
triangular
