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BDS3 ORAL SURGERY > BASIC SURGICAL TECHNIQUE > Flashcards

BASIC SURGICAL TECHNIQUE Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three main basic principles of oral survey techniques?

A
  • Good risk assessment
  • Aseptic technique
  • Minimal trauma to hard & soft tissues
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2
Q

What are the stages of surgery?

A
  • anaesthesia
  • access
  • bone removal (as necessary)
  • tooth division (as necessary)
  • debridement
  • suture
  • achieve haemostasis
  • post-op instructions
  • post-op medications
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3
Q

What is the most pre-op part of surgery?

A

CONSENT
- verbal & written consent

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4
Q

What is in place to ensure maximum safety of the patient during the procedure?

A

Pre-Op Surgical Checklist
- check patients name & DOB
- check the patient knows procedure
- check which tooth is being extracted
- ensure post-op instructions given

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5
Q

When raising a gingival flap, what is the goal?

A

Maximal access with minimal trauma
- (big flaps heal just as quickly as small flaps & makes it easier to see!!)

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6
Q

When achieving surgical access, what are some important to maintain health of tissue?

A
  • Wide-based incision circulation
  • Use scalpel in one firm continuous stroke
  • No sharp angles
  • Flap reflection should be down to bone & clean
  • Keep tissue moist
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7
Q

Why is it important to avoid causing trauma to dental papillae?

A

The dental papillae will shrink after surgery causing black triangles

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8
Q

When raising a 3-sided flap, what must you ensure with the initial incision?

A

It should lie more bucally as opposed to lingually

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9
Q

What is used to remove bone during a surgical extraction?

A

Electrical straight handpiece with saline cooled bur (MOTOR DRIVEN, NO AIR)

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10
Q

What type of burrs are used for removal of bone?

A

Round or fissure tungsten carbide burs

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11
Q

Why are air driven handpieces avoided during oral surgery?

A

Drives air into the tissues known as SURGICAL EMPHYSEMA (can be life threatening)

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12
Q

If the tooth will not come out of the socket, what can you do to try & achieve this?

A

Divide the tooth (number of pieces dependant on roots of tooth)

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13
Q

What are the principles of use when using elevators?

A
  • Avoid excessive force
  • ALWAYS support the instrument to avoid injury to patient/operator (dont use adjacent tooth as support)
  • Ensure applied force is away from major structures
  • Always use elevators under direct vision
  • Keep them sharp
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14
Q

What are the uses of elevators in oral surgery?

A
  • Provide a point of application for forceps
  • Loosen teeth prior to applying forceps
  • Extract tooth without use of forceps
  • Removal of roots/root stumps/retained roots/root apices
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15
Q

What are the three main actions of elevators?

A
  • Wheel & axle
  • Wedge
  • Lever
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16
Q

What are the main modes of debridement used in oral surgery?

A
  • Physical
  • Irrigation
  • Suction
17
Q

How is physical debridement carried out?

A
  • Bone file or handpiece to remove bony sharp edges
  • Mitchell’s trimmer or Victoria curette to remove soft tissue debris
18
Q

How is irrigation debridement carried out?

A

Sterile saline into socket and under flap

19
Q

How is suction debridement carries out?

A

Aspirate under flap to remove debris

20
Q

What are the 2 types of sutures used in oral surgery?

A
  • Non-Absorbable
  • Absorbable
21
Q

At what area on suture needles do you hold them with the forceps?

A

on the body (shaft)

22
Q

How can you achieve haemostasis peri-operatively?

A
  • Pressure!
  • LA with vasoconstrictors
  • Artery forceps (rare)
  • Diathermy (seal off blood vessels)
  • Bone wax (packed into parts of bone that are bleeding)
23
Q

What nerve is at risk when raising mandibular molar flap?

A

Lingual nerve

24
Q

What nerves can be damaged during removal of third molars?

A
  • lingual
  • inferior alveolar
  • mylohyoid
  • buccal
25
Q

What are the aims of peri-radicular surgery?

A
  • establish a root seal at the apex of a tooth or at the point of perforation of a lateral perforation
  • remove existing infection
26
Q

What can be used to cut PDL to reduce trauma during tooth extraction?

A

Peristome

27
Q

What are the three basic modes of action/mechanical principles for tooth elevation?

A
  • wheel & axle (rotation)
  • lever
  • wedge
28
Q

What elevator is good for removal of wisdom teeth?

A

Warwick James elevators

BDS3 ORAL SURGERY (8 decks)

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