Basic Study Materials Flashcards
Reach HAA minimums Cloud/vis
Day 1000 & 3
Night 1500 & 5
Before Landing Check (HOTSAW)
Hazards above LZ Obstructions around & within LZ Terrain conditions Slope of LZ Animals including humans Wind direction and vlocity
Perimeters to get into Setting with power (vortex ring state)
1) vertical decent of at least 300 feat per minute
2) Less than ETL
3) must have power applied (20-100%)
Rate of decent limitation when entering LZ
Below 200 feet per minute when less than 300AGL
When is low reconnaissance completed to an LZ
Prior to descending below 200ft AGL above the hugest obstruction and no lower than 75ft AGL.
When should a turn be made on takeoff (minimum)
300 AGL
Altitude and airspeed for High reconnaissance
60-100 kts and 500 AGL from obstacles or terrain
LZ size
bigger the better, Normally 100’ X 100’
less is acceptable per GOM limation on blade clearance
Blade clearance AS350 on approach or maneuvering on ground (pedal turns)
17.5 ft (1/2 rotor disk)
Blade Clearance ground taxi and or hover taxi
10 feet
Ground vehicles in vicinity of reach helicopter limitations AS350
rotors turning = 35 feet (1 rotor disk)
rotors not turning = 17.5 feet (1/2 rotor disk)
NVGO currency
6 NVGO’s within 2 calendar months
Oxygen requirements part 135 Un-pressurized aircraft
- pilot 10,000’ - 12,000 over 30 minutes
- pilot required above 12,000
- 10,000’ - 15,000’ 10% of occupants must be on oxygen over 30 minutes
- all occupants required over 15,000’
Oxygen requirements part 91 Un-pressurized aircraft
- 12,500 - 14,000 over 30 minutes
- Required for crew above 14,000’
- 15,000’ Each occupant must be provided 02
Duty time requirements part
A pilot can complete Part 135 portion of the flight within 13:30 from beginning of shift
Duty time requirements and definition of part 91
Pilot may fly over 14 hours and up to 15 hours from start of shift if conducted under part 91 as the sole occupant of the aircraft for repositioning
-if a pilot were to go over 14 hours it must be to unforeseen circumstances.
Flight time limitations with rest requirments
8 hours of flight time, single pilot w/ 10 hours rest
- 8 to 8:29 11 hours rest
- 8:30 to 8:39 12 hours rest
- 9 hours or more require 16 hours rest.
When must an ASAP be reported
Within 10 days
I pad battery life requirement before a flight
30%
flying limitations on when you need to turn around or find alternate
If you find yourself at
- Day 300’ & 70 kts
- Night 500’ 70 kts
What will you notice with retreating blade stall
- Vibration
- Pitch up
- Roll right (direction of turning blade)
Retreating blade stall recovery
- Lower collective
- Than aft cyclic
Ground Resonance Recovery
- Low RPM -Roll off throttle
- High RPM -Lift off
3 factors into getting Dynamic Roolover
- Pivot Point
- Rolling moment
- Thrust greater than weight
LTE
1) Main rotor disk interference– Down wash from main rotor goes into tail rotor
2) Weathercock– wind from the rear causes the aircraft attempts to weather-vane
3) Tail rotor vortex ring state – winds from this direction cause tail rotor to go into its own downwash
How do you get to VEMD info screen?
scroll + reset when you turn on power
Engine Starting Sequence
- N1 > 10% - Fuel is introduced through starting solenoid valve
- N1>25% - Starter solenoid is de-energized and bleed air is put through to prevent carbonation.
- N1 > 45% - Starting relay is completely de-energized
- N1 = 62% - Computer changes from starting law to governing low to handle control of the engine.
The FADEC will try a second attempt to start the engine if first one failed.
Class B
- weather minimums
- cloud clearances
- Entry requirements
- Required equipment
- Reach weather requirements
- 3sm
- clear of clouds
- ATC clearance
- Two-way radio, transponder w/ altitude
- Day 1000 & 3
Night 1500 & 5
Class C
- weather minimums
- cloud clearances
- Entry requirements
- Required equipment
- Reach weather requirements
- 3sm
- 500’ Below, 1000’ Above, 2000’ Horizontal
- ATC clearance
- Two-way radio, transponder w/ altitude
- Day 1000 & 3
Night 1500 & 5
Class D
- weather minimums
- cloud clearances
- Entry requirements
- Required equipment
- Reach weather requirements
- 3sm
- 500’ Below, 1000’ Above, 2000’ Horizontal
- ATC clearance
- Two-way radio
- Day 1000 & 3
Night 1500 & 5
Class E
- weather minimums
- cloud clearances
- Entry requirements
- Required equipment
- Reach weather requirements
Less than 10,000’ MSL
1&2. 3sm / 500’ Below, 1000’ Above, 2000’ Horizontal
At or Above 10,000’ MSL
1&2. 5sm /1,000’ Below, 1000’ Above, 1sm Horizontal
3 & 4. N/A for VFR
- Day 1000 & 3
Night 1500 & 5
Class G
- weather minimums
- cloud clearances
- Entry requirements
- Required equipment
- Reach weather requirements
1,200’ above service the surface or less (regardless of MSL altitude)
DAY
1&2. 1sm /clear of clouds
Night
1&2. 3sm / 500’ Below, 1000’ Above, 2000’ Horizontal
More than 1,200’ above surface but < 10,000’ MSL
DAY
1&2. 1sm / 500’ Below, 1000’ Above, 2000’ Horizontal
Night
1&2. 3sm / 500’ Below, 1000’ Above, 2000’ Horizontal
More than 1,200’ above surface but > 10,000’ MSL
1&2. 5sm / 1,000’ Below, 1000’ Above, 1sm Horizontal
3&4. N/A for VFR
- Day 1000 & 3
Night 1500 & 5
General airspace diminutions
Class A, B, C, D, E, G
A- 18,000 MSL - FL600
B- Surface to 10,000’ MSL
C- Surface to 4,000 above airport charted in MSL
Generally 5nm radius with 10nm radius shelf
D-Surface to 2,500 above airport charted in MSL
Generally 5sm radius
E- Starts @ Surface/700AGL/1,200AGL/14,500MSL up to 18,000’ MSL and above FL600
G-Uncontrolled, All other airspace not depicted.
VFR Day Instrument Requirements
A TOMATO FLAMES
A – airspeed indicator
T – tachometer (for each engine)
O – oil pressure gauge (for each engine using a pressure system)
M – manifold pressure gauge (for each altitude engine)
A – altimeter
T – temperature gauge (for each liquid cooled engine)
O – oil temperature gauge (for each air cooled engine)
F – fuel gauge
L – landing gear position indicator
A – anti collision lights (for aircraft certified after March 11th 1996)
M – magnetic compass
E – ELT
S – safety belts
VFR Night Requirements
A TOMATO FLAMES plus FLAPS
F – fuses (one complete spare set)
L – landing light (only if you are flying for hire)
A – anti collision lights*
P – position lights
S – source of electricity (alternator, generator)
Airworthiness
AVIATES
–Annual (12 months)
–VOR Check (30 Days)
–100 Hour or Progressive inspection
(required if aircraft is used for hire or flight instruction for hire—91.409(b))
–Altimeter (24months 91.411)
–Airworthiness Directives
–Transponder (24 months 91.413)
–ELT (12 months)
–Static inspection (24 months)
NTSB 830 Immediate notification
(1) Flight control system malfunction or failure;
(2) Inability of any required flight crewmember to perform normal flight duties as a result
of injury or illness;
(3) Failure of any internal turbine engine component that results in the escape of debris other than out the exhaust path;
(4) In-flight fire;
(5) Aircraft collision in flight;
(6) Damage to property, other than the aircraft, estimated to exceed $25,000 for repair
(including materials and labor) or fair market value in the event of total loss, whichever is
less.
Methods of approved ground de-icing
- Hangar Method (put aircraft in heated hanger & insure areas around flight controls are dry)
- Mechanical Method (use of brooms, brushes, etc)
- Blade covers (less than 35°f & humidity greater than 30%)
- Pre-Takeoff Decontamination Check (Must be completed within 5 min of takeoff)
- Alternate Procedure (If bade covers were not used or hangard the aircraft may be run for 5 min)
- if out of balance shut down immediately
- visual check & remove all frost if any
- if not frost helo may continue flight.
Transverse flow effect
- when the helicopter transitions into froward flight (between 10 and 20 kts) you have clean air going over the forward part of the disk and dirty air going over the rear.
- This causes a shutter and a roll in the direction of turning blade due to gyroscopic precision as well as a yaw due to tail rotor becoming more effective.
Can we carry weapons
No with exceptions
- State or Fed agencies with proper ID
- Passengers w/ sporing firearms (rifles or shotguns) that are dismantled and/or unloaded & encased by company approved container.
- Crew member & other persons when authorized by DO.
Can we carry Hazmat
No- Other than whats required to be on the aircraft for patient or what basically what you can bring on an airliner.
Aircraft required items
- AROW, MEL, NEF, pax briefing cards one for each crew pax on board, log book, check list, AFD/current charts, GOM, fire extinguishers
- gov photo id, pilot license, medical
What is the lift ticket program
-Search and Rescue Assist
- Weather-5,000 & 5, 1 hour before & after operation time
- if WX conditions deteriorate at any point past initial assignment operations will be immediately suspended.
- Flights must be approved by AOC & AAOC
- Flight operations should be limited to one sandard fuel load unless more has been approved by AAOC
Stages of a thunderstorm
-Cumulus
cloud grows rapidly and can go up to Tropopause
-Mature
Precipitation begins to fall, lighting, thunder, anvil forms
-Dissipating
Light rain
Thunderstorms hazards & Avoidance
- Hail
- Micro bursts
- Tornadoes
- Lightning
- Turbulence
- Icing
-Stay away at least 20 miles
Types of Fog
RAPSU I
- Radiation
- Advection fog (sea fog)
- Precipitation
- Steam
- Upslope
- Ice fog
What is “Radiation fog
The ground cools the adjacent air to the dew point on calm, and usually clear sky nights. If the fog is very shallow (less than 20 feet deep), it is called ground fog.
What is “Advection fog
The result of a transport of warm humid/moist air over a cold surface. Unlike Radiation Fog, it may occur with winds, cloudy skies, over a wide geographic area, and at any time. It deepens as wind speed increases up to about 15 knots; greater wind lifts the fog into a layer of low stratus or stratocumulus.
Where is Advection Fog most likely to form?
It is most common along coastal areas but often develops deep on continental areas.
What is “Precipitation-induced fog”?
When relatively warm rain or drizzle falls through cool air, evaporation from the precipitation saturates the cool air and forms fog. This fog can become quite dense and continue for an extended period of time. It can also extend over large areas, completely suspending air operations. It is most commonly associated with warm fronts, but can occur with slow-moving cold fronts and with stationary fronts.
What is “Steam fog”?
Occurs when evaporation takes place into cold air lying over warmer water. It is usually quite shallow. Named for the fact that it looks like steam rising from the water–is also known as sea smoke, Arctic sea smoke, or evaporation fog. It occurs during the cooler months of the year, when the air is much colder than the water below it.
What is “Upslope fog”?
The result of moist, stable air being cooled adiabatically as it moves up sloping terrain. Once the upslope wind ceases, the fog dissipates. Can form under cloudy skies.
What is “Ice fog”?
This occurs in cold weather when the temperature is much below freezing and water vapor sublimates directly as ice crystals. Conditions favorable for its formation are the same as for radiation fog except for cold temperature, usually -32°C or colder.
