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My Packs: Science (Brain Bee) > Basic Structure > Flashcards

Basic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main kinds of neurons?

A

Sensory
Motor
Interneurons

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2
Q

How many main kinds of neurons are there?

A

3

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3
Q

What neurons are coupled to receptors specialised to detect and respond to different attributes of the internal and external environment?

A

Sensory neurons

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4
Q

What special set of receptors are activated when stimuli cause tissue damage?

A

Nociceptors

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5
Q

What do nociceptors give rise to? (2)

A

Protective reflexes

The sensation of pain

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6
Q

What are the three stimuli that can cause tissue damage when they exceed a certain intensity?

A

Mechanical
Thermal
Chemical

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7
Q

Receptors sensitive to what changes subserve the sensory modalities? (4)

A

Light
Sound
Mechanical
Chemical

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8
Q

What neurons control the activity of muscles?

A

Motor neurons

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9
Q

What neurons are the most numerous in the human brain?

A

Interneurons

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10
Q

What do interneurons do? (2)

A

Mediate simple reflexes

Responsible for the highest functions of the brain

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11
Q

Where are interneurons interposed?

A

Between sensory and motor neurons

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12
Q

What cells make an important contribution to the development of the nervous system and to its function in the adult brain?

A

Glial cells

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13
Q

What are the three main parts of a neuron?

A

Cell body

Two sets of additional compartments called ‘processes’

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14
Q

What are the 2 ‘processes’ called?

A

Axons and dendrites

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15
Q

What do axons do?

A

Transmit information from the neuron on to others to which it is connected

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16
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Receive the information being transmitted by the axons of other neurons

17
Q

What specialized contacts do the 2 ‘processes’ participate in?

A

Synapses

18
Q

How are neurons organized?

A

Complex chains and networks that are the pathways through which information in the nervous system is transmitted

19
Q

How is the brain and spinal cord are connected to sensory receptors and muscles?

A

Through long axons that make up the peripheral nerves

20
Q

What are the two functions of the spinal cord?

A

Seat of simple reflexes (knee jerk, rapid withdrawal of limb from hot objects, pinprick etc.) and complex reflexes
Forms a highway between the body and the brain for information travelling in both directions

21
Q

What distinguishes the human brain to all vertebrates?

A

Its large size in relation to body size

My Packs: Science (Brain Bee) (3 decks)

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