Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ICA > Basic skin biology > Flashcards

Basic skin biology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A
  • Protective barrier against environmental insults
  • Temperature regulation
  • Sensation
  • Vitamin D synthesis
  • Immunosurveillance
  • Cosmesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is erythroderma?

A
  • Arises as a complication of many skin conditions
  • Total skin failure
  • Can present as an extensive erythematous exfoliative rash
  • Emergency presentation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the effects of erythroderma?

A
  • Hypothermia (loss of thermoregulation)
  • Infection (loss of protective barrier)
  • Renal failure (insensible losses)
  • High output cardiac failure (dilated skin vessels)
  • Protein malnutrition (high turnover of skin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the causes of erythroderma?

A
  • Psoriasis
  • Eczema
  • Drugs
  • Cutaneous T cell lymphoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the symptoms of erythroderma?

A
  • Pruritus and discomfort
  • Fatigue
  • Anorexia
  • Feeling cold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the signs of erythroderma?

A
  • > 90% of body surface area affected
  • Erythematous
  • Exfoliative
  • Thickened
  • Inflamed
  • Scaly
  • No sparing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the four cell types of the epidermis?

A
  1. Keratinocytes
  2. Langerhans cells
  3. Melanocytes
  4. Merkel cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of keratinocytes?

A
  • Protective barrier
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of Langerhans cells?

A
  • Antigen presenting cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of melanocytes?

A
  • Produce melanin
  • Provides pigment to the skin
  • Protects cell nuclei from UV DNA damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of Merkel cells?

A
  • Contain specialised nerve endings for sensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A
  1. Stratum corneum - horny layer, most superficial
  2. (stratum lucidum)
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum spinosum
  5. Stratum basale - basal layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does each layer of epidermis represent?

A
  • A different stage of keratinocyte maturation
  • Average epidermal turnover time is about 30 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What may pathology of the epidermis cause?

A
  • Change in epidermal turnover
  • Change in surface of skin
  • Change in skin pigmentation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the dermis composed of?

A
  • Collagen
  • Elastin
  • Glycosaminoglycans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the dermis?

A
  • Provides strength and elasticity to skin
  • Also contains immune cells, nerve cells, skin appendages, lymphatics and blood vessels
17
Q

What is the function of the sebaceous glands?

A
  • Produce sebum through hair follicles
  • Secrete sebum onto skin for lubrication
  • Active after puberty
  • Stimulated by conversion of androgen to dihydrotestosterone
18
Q

What causses acne vulgaris?

A
  • Increased sebum production and bacterial colonisation
19
Q

What are the functions of eccrine and apocrine glands?

A
  • Regulate body temperature
  • Innervated by sympathetic system
20
Q

What is the difference between eccrine and apocrine glands?

A
  • Eccrine glands are widespread
  • Apocrine glands are active following puberty and are found in axillae, areolae, genitalia and anus
21
Q

What does each hair consist of?

A
  • Modified keratin
  • Divided into hair shaft and hair bulb
22
Q

What are the 3 main types of hair?

A
  1. Lanugo hair (soft hair all over body)
  2. Vellum hair (soft hair all over body)
  3. Terminal hair (coarse long hair)
23
Q

What is the growth cycle of hair follicles?

A
  • Anagen
  • Catagen
  • Telogen
  • Disruption of this cycle can lead to hair loss
24
Q

Outline the structure of nails

A
  • Consists of a nail plate which arises from nail matrix at posterior nail fold and rests on nail bed
  • Nail bed contains blood capillaries to nourish nail
25
Q

Why is it important to examine a patient’ nails?

A
  • Can be a guide to other systemic problems
  • Deficiencies and lung cancers
  • Chronic skin conditions can cause thickening/disruption of nail bed and separation of nail from nail bed

ICA (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions