Basic Sciences_Nucleic acid and structure Flashcards
Nucleoside and Nucleotide of Thymine
Thymidine, and thymidylate
Human Genome project (date and coding sequence)
2003 - 3.2 billion bp is protein coding sequence (1.5%)
A DNA
Right handed, 11 bases/turn
Intercalated motif (I DNA)
Non-watson crick H bonding. H bonding occurs b/t protonated C and neutral C. Seen in telomeres.
Purine/Pyrimidine is added to which position on sugar? Where is it phosphorylated?
Base added to 1’ position. Phosphorylated on 5’ to form phosphodiester bond
Guanine
Chargaff’s Rule
A = T and C = G
pics of bases
…
B DNA
Right handed, 10 bases/turn. We predominantly have B DNA
Z DNA
Left handed with 12 bases/turn
Start and stop codons
AUG is start, UGA, UAG, UAA are stop
Differences in genomes therapeutic value
Disease diagnosis, forensics, animal models for human diseases to study treatments, susceptibility/resistance
Griffith experiment
DNA is genetic material. Strep pneumonia. Virulent S strain and avirulent R strain. S - mouse died, R - mouse lived, Heat killed S - mouse lived, R and heat killed S - mouse dies
Hershey and Chase
Bacteriophages with DNA labeled as P32 and protein as S35 (Met). P32 went inside cell so DNA caused infection
Nucleoside and Nucleotide of Guanine
Guanosine, and Guanylate
Nitrosoureas
Alkylating agent damages DNA. Chemotherapy tool.
Functions of nucleotides
DNA/RNA, Cofactors, Energy, Cell signaling
Cisplatin
Alkylating agent damaging DNA. Pt core with two chloride and two amino groups, binds adjacent Guanines forming intrastrand crosslinks. Distorts DNA - chemotherapy agent
Thymine
Hyperchromicity curve/kinetics of ssDNA annealed
Linear curve, slight increase in absorbance from disruption of intrastrand H bonds. No complementarity. Don’t know how much of individual bases there are
Cytosine
Hyperchromicity curve/kinetics of dsDNA denatured by heat or alkali
Zero order kinetics, independent on concentration. Large increase in absorbance. S shaped curve. Complementarity. A = T and C.= G
Adenine
Nucleoside and Nucleotide of Cytosine
Cytidine, and Cytidylate
G-quadruplex (G4)
Non-watson crick H bonding, seen in telomeres
Does deamination require enzymes?
No, b/c spontaneous process
Uracil
Pharmacogenomic Warfarin
Drug gets hydroxylated by cytochrome P450 (CYP). Different sequences in individuals means we need to customize treatment options based on genotype.
H DNA
Triple stranded structure of DNA, Non Watson-crick H bonding
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod experiment
Purified RNA, DNA, proteins, carbs,… infected into mouse, saw that DNA was causing infection
Nucleoside and Nucleotide of Adenine
Adenosine, and Adenylate (mono, di, or tri phosphate)
Nucleoside and Nucleotide of Uracil
Uridine, and Uridylate
Nitrogen mustards/cyclophosphamide
Alkylating agents that damage DNA, chemotherapy tool
