Basic Sciences_Nucleic acid and structure Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleoside and Nucleotide of Thymine

A

Thymidine, and thymidylate

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2
Q

Human Genome project (date and coding sequence)

A

2003 - 3.2 billion bp is protein coding sequence (1.5%)

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3
Q

A DNA

A

Right handed, 11 bases/turn

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4
Q

Intercalated motif (I DNA)

A

Non-watson crick H bonding. H bonding occurs b/t protonated C and neutral C. Seen in telomeres.

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5
Q

Purine/Pyrimidine is added to which position on sugar? Where is it phosphorylated?

A

Base added to 1’ position. Phosphorylated on 5’ to form phosphodiester bond

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6
Q
A

Guanine

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7
Q

Chargaff’s Rule

A

A = T and C = G

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8
Q

pics of bases

A

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9
Q

B DNA

A

Right handed, 10 bases/turn. We predominantly have B DNA

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10
Q

Z DNA

A

Left handed with 12 bases/turn

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11
Q

Start and stop codons

A

AUG is start, UGA, UAG, UAA are stop

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12
Q

Differences in genomes therapeutic value

A

Disease diagnosis, forensics, animal models for human diseases to study treatments, susceptibility/resistance

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13
Q

Griffith experiment

A

DNA is genetic material. Strep pneumonia. Virulent S strain and avirulent R strain. S - mouse died, R - mouse lived, Heat killed S - mouse lived, R and heat killed S - mouse dies

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14
Q

Hershey and Chase

A

Bacteriophages with DNA labeled as P32 and protein as S35 (Met). P32 went inside cell so DNA caused infection

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15
Q

Nucleoside and Nucleotide of Guanine

A

Guanosine, and Guanylate

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16
Q

Nitrosoureas

A

Alkylating agent damages DNA. Chemotherapy tool.

17
Q

Functions of nucleotides

A

DNA/RNA, Cofactors, Energy, Cell signaling

18
Q

Cisplatin

A

Alkylating agent damaging DNA. Pt core with two chloride and two amino groups, binds adjacent Guanines forming intrastrand crosslinks. Distorts DNA - chemotherapy agent

19
Q
20
Q

Hyperchromicity curve/kinetics of ssDNA annealed

A

Linear curve, slight increase in absorbance from disruption of intrastrand H bonds. No complementarity. Don’t know how much of individual bases there are

21
Q
22
Q

Hyperchromicity curve/kinetics of dsDNA denatured by heat or alkali

A

Zero order kinetics, independent on concentration. Large increase in absorbance. S shaped curve. Complementarity. A = T and C.= G

23
Q
24
Q

Nucleoside and Nucleotide of Cytosine

A

Cytidine, and Cytidylate

25
G-quadruplex (G4)
Non-watson crick H bonding, seen in telomeres
26
Does deamination require enzymes?
No, b/c spontaneous process
27
Uracil
28
Pharmacogenomic Warfarin
Drug gets hydroxylated by cytochrome P450 (CYP). Different sequences in individuals means we need to customize treatment options based on genotype.
29
H DNA
Triple stranded structure of DNA, Non Watson-crick H bonding
30
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod experiment
Purified RNA, DNA, proteins, carbs,... infected into mouse, saw that DNA was causing infection
31
Nucleoside and Nucleotide of Adenine
Adenosine, and Adenylate (mono, di, or tri phosphate)
32
Nucleoside and Nucleotide of Uracil
Uridine, and Uridylate
33
Nitrogen mustards/cyclophosphamide
Alkylating agents that damage DNA, chemotherapy tool