Basic Sciences_Nucleic acid and structure

Question 1

Nucleoside and Nucleotide of Thymine

Answer 1

Thymidine, and thymidylate

Question 2

Human Genome project (date and coding sequence)

Answer 2

2003 - 3.2 billion bp is protein coding sequence (1.5%)

Question 3

A DNA

Answer 3

Right handed, 11 bases/turn

Question 4

Intercalated motif (I DNA)

Answer 4

Non-watson crick H bonding. H bonding occurs b/t protonated C and neutral C. Seen in telomeres.

Question 5

Purine/Pyrimidine is added to which position on sugar? Where is it phosphorylated?

Answer 5

Base added to 1’ position. Phosphorylated on 5’ to form phosphodiester bond

Question 6

Answer 6

Guanine

Question 7

Chargaff’s Rule

Answer 7

A = T and C = G

Question 8

pics of bases

Answer 8

…

Question 9

B DNA

Answer 9

Right handed, 10 bases/turn. We predominantly have B DNA

Question 10

Z DNA

Answer 10

Left handed with 12 bases/turn

Question 11

Start and stop codons

Answer 11

AUG is start, UGA, UAG, UAA are stop

Question 12

Differences in genomes therapeutic value

Answer 12

Disease diagnosis, forensics, animal models for human diseases to study treatments, susceptibility/resistance

Question 13

Griffith experiment

Answer 13

DNA is genetic material. Strep pneumonia. Virulent S strain and avirulent R strain. S - mouse died, R - mouse lived, Heat killed S - mouse lived, R and heat killed S - mouse dies

Question 14

Hershey and Chase

Answer 14

Bacteriophages with DNA labeled as P32 and protein as S35 (Met). P32 went inside cell so DNA caused infection

Question 15

Nucleoside and Nucleotide of Guanine

Answer 15

Guanosine, and Guanylate

Question 16

Nitrosoureas

Answer 16

Alkylating agent damages DNA. Chemotherapy tool.

Question 17

Functions of nucleotides

Answer 17

DNA/RNA, Cofactors, Energy, Cell signaling

Question 18

Cisplatin

Answer 18

Alkylating agent damaging DNA. Pt core with two chloride and two amino groups, binds adjacent Guanines forming intrastrand crosslinks. Distorts DNA - chemotherapy agent

Question 19

Answer 19

Thymine

Question 20

Hyperchromicity curve/kinetics of ssDNA annealed

Answer 20

Linear curve, slight increase in absorbance from disruption of intrastrand H bonds. No complementarity. Don’t know how much of individual bases there are

Question 21

Answer 21

Cytosine

Question 22

Hyperchromicity curve/kinetics of dsDNA denatured by heat or alkali

Answer 22

Zero order kinetics, independent on concentration. Large increase in absorbance. S shaped curve. Complementarity. A = T and C.= G

Question 23

Answer 23

Adenine

Question 24

Nucleoside and Nucleotide of Cytosine

Answer 24

Cytidine, and Cytidylate

Question 25

G-quadruplex (G4)

Answer 25

Non-watson crick H bonding, seen in telomeres

Question 26

Does deamination require enzymes?

Answer 26

No, b/c spontaneous process

Question 27

Answer 27

Uracil

Question 28

Pharmacogenomic Warfarin

Answer 28

Drug gets hydroxylated by cytochrome P450 (CYP). Different sequences in individuals means we need to customize treatment options based on genotype.

Question 29

H DNA

Answer 29

Triple stranded structure of DNA, Non Watson-crick H bonding

Question 30

Avery, McCarty, MacLeod experiment

Answer 30

Purified RNA, DNA, proteins, carbs,… infected into mouse, saw that DNA was causing infection

Question 31

Nucleoside and Nucleotide of Adenine

Answer 31

Adenosine, and Adenylate (mono, di, or tri phosphate)

Question 32

Nucleoside and Nucleotide of Uracil

Answer 32

Uridine, and Uridylate

Question 33

Nitrogen mustards/cyclophosphamide

Answer 33

Alkylating agents that damage DNA, chemotherapy tool