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EDAIC PART II > Basic Sciences > Flashcards

Basic Sciences Flashcards

1
Q

What is a drug?

A
  1. Produces a therapeutic effect
  2. Biological system modification
  3. Modifies response to physical or chemical stimulus
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2
Q

Composition of organic molecules?

A
  1. Carbon skeleton
  2. Functional group
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3
Q

Composition of inorganic molecules?

A
  1. Non-carbon based structures
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4
Q

What are examples of organic molecules?

A
  1. Amines
  2. Esters
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5
Q

What are examples of inorganic molecules?

A
  1. Salts of lithium & magnesium
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6
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

What the drug does to the body

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7
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

What the body does to the drug

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8
Q

Give example of a selective drug and it’s receptor?

A

Atenolol - Cardioselective for B1 receptors and not for B2 receptors in the lungs

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9
Q

Interaction & transportation of drugs within the body is determined by what factors?

A
  1. Drug-related factors
  2. Patient related factors
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10
Q

What are the drug related factors influencing interaction and transport?

A
  1. Nature of the drug
  2. Chemical structure
  3. Size
  4. Lipid & water solubility
  5. Ionisation & charge
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11
Q

What are the patient related factors influencing interaction and transport ?

A
  1. Regional blood flow
  2. Membrane layer
  3. Transport or acceptor molecules
  4. Other drugs or hormones
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12
Q

What are isomers?

A
  1. Share the same chemical formula
  2. Different physical arrangement of atoms
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13
Q

What are structural isomers?

A
  1. Identical chemical formula
  2. Different spatial organisation
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14
Q

What is stress response?

A

These are metabolic and hormonal changes that occur in response to trauma.

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15
Q

What are the results of stress of response ?

A
  • Muscle, substrate metabolism
  • Sodium and water retention
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16
Q

Hormonal changes during stress response ?

A
  • Pituitary
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Adrenals
  • Kidneys
17
Q

Effects of hormonal changes in response to stress?

A
  • Increased renal concentrating ability
  • Sodium and water retention - Possible CCF
  • Increased corticosteroids and thyroid horm
  • Increased catabolism and glucose levels
  • Increased catecholamine levels
  • Hypercoagulation
  • Electrolyte imbalance
  • Altered gastrointestinal motility & ileus
  • Immune suppression - Infection + Poor heal
  • Increased protein metabolism
18
Q

How to reduce stress response?

A
  • Regional anaesthetic
  • Analgesia
  • Beta blockers
  • Nutritional support
  • Steroids
  • Surgical technique
  • Temperature control - Hypothermia

EDAIC PART II (15 decks)

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