Basic Sciences Flashcards
What is a drug?
- Produces a therapeutic effect
- Biological system modification
- Modifies response to physical or chemical stimulus
Composition of organic molecules?
- Carbon skeleton
- Functional group
Composition of inorganic molecules?
- Non-carbon based structures
What are examples of organic molecules?
- Amines
- Esters
What are examples of inorganic molecules?
- Salts of lithium & magnesium
What is pharmacodynamics?
What the drug does to the body
What is pharmacokinetics?
What the body does to the drug
Give example of a selective drug and it’s receptor?
Atenolol - Cardioselective for B1 receptors and not for B2 receptors in the lungs
Interaction & transportation of drugs within the body is determined by what factors?
- Drug-related factors
- Patient related factors
What are the drug related factors influencing interaction and transport?
- Nature of the drug
- Chemical structure
- Size
- Lipid & water solubility
- Ionisation & charge
What are the patient related factors influencing interaction and transport ?
- Regional blood flow
- Membrane layer
- Transport or acceptor molecules
- Other drugs or hormones
What are isomers?
- Share the same chemical formula
- Different physical arrangement of atoms
What are structural isomers?
- Identical chemical formula
- Different spatial organisation
What is stress response?
These are metabolic and hormonal changes that occur in response to trauma.
What are the results of stress of response ?
- Muscle, substrate metabolism
- Sodium and water retention
Hormonal changes during stress response ?
- Pituitary
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Adrenals
- Kidneys
Effects of hormonal changes in response to stress?
- Increased renal concentrating ability
- Sodium and water retention - Possible CCF
- Increased corticosteroids and thyroid horm
- Increased catabolism and glucose levels
- Increased catecholamine levels
- Hypercoagulation
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Altered gastrointestinal motility & ileus
- Immune suppression - Infection + Poor heal
- Increased protein metabolism
How to reduce stress response?
- Regional anaesthetic
- Analgesia
- Beta blockers
- Nutritional support
- Steroids
- Surgical technique
- Temperature control - Hypothermia
