Basic Science Flashcards
(418 cards)
What are the 5 morphological regions of a neuron?
dendrites soma axon hillock axon synapse
what is the function of dendrites within a neuron?
increase surface area of neuron cell membrane and receives inputs from other neurones
what is the function of the soma of a neuron?
integrates the input signal to generate a net depolarising or hyperpolarising signal
how are the input signals entering a neuron passed from the dendrites to the soma to the axon hillock?
passively
what is the function of the axon hillock?
site of initiation of all-or-none AP
what are the 2 main types of pain?
nociceptive pain
neuropathic pain
compare nociceptive and neuropathic pain?
nociceptive- an appropriate physiological response to painful stimuli via intact nervous system
neuropathic- an inappropriate response to caused by a dysfunction in the nervous system
what is allodynia?
pain from a non-painful stimulus
what is hyperalgesia?
more pain than expected from a painful stimulus
what type of pain do NSAIDs mainly act on?
nociceptive pain
what is the mode of action of NSAIDs?
inhibit COX
reduce prostaglandin synthesis
what are the 3 main side effects of NSAIDs?
- GI irritation/bleeding
- renal toxicity
- cardiovascular side effects (COX 2)
what effect does paracetamol have in addition to its analgesic effects?
antipyretic
what is the mode of action of paracetamol?
inhibition of central prostaglandin synthesis
what is the main side effect of paracetamol?
risk of liver damage
what type of pain do opiods mainly act on?
nociceptive pain
what is the mode of action of opiods?
activate the endogenous analgesic system
modulate pain perception
reduce pain signal transmission
what are the 6 main side effects of opiods?
nausea vomiting constipation dizziness/vertigo drowsiness dry skin/pruritus
what type of pain do tricyclic antidepressants mainly act on?
neuropathic pain
what class of pain medication works best for complex regional pain syndrome?
tricyclic antidepressants
what class of pain medication works best for tension headaches?
tricyclic antidepressants
what are the 6 main side effects of tricyclic antidepressants?
constipation dry mouth drowsiness abnormalities in heart rate/rhythm insomnia increased appetite
what type of pain do SNRI/SSRIs mainly act on?
neuropathic pain
what is the mode of action of SNRI/SSRIs?
selectively inhibit reuptake of noradrenaline or serotonin