Basic Science Flashcards
Developmental pathway for osteoblast formation…
Low mechanical strain and high O2 environment favors osteoblast and osteoclast formation.
Myeloid Mesenchymal cell - Runx2 - Osteo progenitor cell - Wnt signaling molecule - beta catenin - Runx2 - Osx - terminally differentiated osteocytes
Function of Sclerostin?
Inhibits osteoblast activity
Osteoblasts regulate osteoclasts via these two molecules…
RANK Ligand - stimulates osteoclast differentiation.
Osteoprotegrin - blocks RANK ligand from binding RANK receptor on osteoclasts.
Calcitonin from the thyroid binds —— and —- bone ——.
Osteoclasts
Slows
Resorption
Feedback loop of serum calcium homeostasis and roles of Calcitonin and PTH…
Calcitonin: inhibits osteoclasts
PTH: stimulates osteoclasts
What is the active form of vitamin D?
What lab test is done to assess vitamin D deficiency?
1,25 Vit D
25 Vit D
Tendons are type __ collagen
Type 1
Bone is made of type __ collagen
Type 1 b(one)
Cartilage is made of type __ collagen
Type 2 (car-two-lage)
Cytokines that promote osteolysis?
IL-6
IL-1
-TNF alpha
-Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand
Mutation in this gene can cause autosomal dominant hypophosphotemic rickets?
FGF23
This molecule serves as a receptor decoy for RANKL and subsequently inhibits osteoclast differentiation
Osteoprotegrin
Fibrocartilage is type ____ collagen.
Type 1
Menisci are made of what type of collagen?
Type 1
What 3 lower extremity muscles have dual innervation and what are they?
Lower extremity avulsion injuries…tendons and locations?
Primary blood supply to the hip? Via this larger vessel?
Medial femoral circumflex
Profunda Femoris
Oxygen tension in fracture healing…
Primary
Secondary
Primary = high oxygen tension
Secondary = low oxygen tension
Types of tibial bowing?
