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Thermodynamics > Basic Principles, Concepts, and Definitions > Flashcards

Basic Principles, Concepts, and Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

science of energy

A

Thermodynamics

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2
Q

Thermodynamics is derived from ________ meaning ________

A

Greek words therme (heat) & dynamis (power)

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3
Q

If you can measure something, it has a _______.

A

dimension

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4
Q

primary or fundamental dimensions

A

mass, length, time, temperature

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5
Q

secondary or derived dimensions

A

velocity, energy, volume

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6
Q

magnitudes assigned to the dimensions

A

units

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7
Q

can be used to quantify the size of a dimension

A

units

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8
Q

Two Different Unit of Systems

A

English System, Systeme Internationale (SI) or Metric or International System

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9
Q

unit system most common in the US

A

English system

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10
Q

Has no apparent systematic numerical base, and various units in this system are related to each other arbitrarily

A

English system

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11
Q

system used by everyone except the United States

A

Systeme Internationale (SI) or Metric or International System

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12
Q

Simple and logical system based on a decimal relationship between the various units

A

Systeme Internationale (SI) or Metric or International System

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13
Q

SI stands for

A

Systeme Internationale

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14
Q

defined as a quantity of matter or a region in space chosen for study

A

system

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15
Q

real or imaginary surface that separates the system from its surroundings

A

boundary

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16
Q

can also be fixed or moving and must be the contact surface both shared by the system and the surroundings

A

boundary

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17
Q

Types of Systems

A

open, closed, isolated

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18
Q

type of system where mass and energy to freely flow through the boundary

A

open system

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19
Q

type of system where energy can transfer between the system and the surrounding but not mass

A

closed system

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20
Q

type of system where neither mass nor energy can transfer between the system and the surroundings

A

isolated system

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21
Q

Properties of a System

A

intensive, extensive

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22
Q

properties that are independent of the mass of a system

A

intensive

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23
Q

properties whose values depend on the size or extent of the system

A

extensive

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24
Q

examples are temperature, pressure, density

A

intensive

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25
Q

examples are volume, mass, energy, momentum

A

extensive

26
Q

law used in analyzing the flow of energy in a process or cycle

A

First Law

27
Q

law used to analyze generation of entropy in a process or cycle

A

Second Law

28
Q

states that when two objects are at the same temperature, they do not transfer heat

A

Zeroth Law

29
Q

It says that if two bodies are independently in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they’re in thermal equilibrium with each other.

A

Zeroth Law

30
Q

states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change form

A

First Law

31
Q

First Law is also known as

A

Law of Conservation of Energy

32
Q

Three Ways Energy can Leave a System

A

as form of work, form of heat, by adding or removing mass from the system

33
Q

a collection of concepts about the quality of energy for performing a process

A

Second Law

34
Q

High temperature reservoir is known as the ________, and
the low-temperature reservoir is known as the ________.

A

heat source, heat sink

35
Q

provides the basis for determining the maximum theoretical limit for efficiency of a cycle

A

Second Law

36
Q

realistic behaviors that generate entropy

A

temperature difference, friction

37
Q

essence is the concept of zero entropy at zero temperature

A

Third Law

38
Q

property in thermodynamics that describes the amount of material used in a system or process

A

mass

39
Q

force exerted on an object by gravity

A

weight

40
Q

defined as mass per unit volume

A

density

41
Q

reciprocal of density

A

specific volume

42
Q

defined as volume per unit mass

A

specific volume

43
Q

defined as the ratio of a density of a substance to the density of some standard substance at a specified temperature

A

specific gravity or relative density

44
Q

other term for specific gravity

A

relative density

45
Q

dimensionless constant

A

specific gravity

46
Q

weight of a unit volume of a substance

A

specific weight

47
Q

defined as a normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area

A

pressure

48
Q

Types of Pressure

A

absolute, gage, vacuum

49
Q

Actual pressure at a given position and is measured relative to absolute volume

A

absolute pressure

50
Q

difference between the absolute pressure and the local atmospheric pressure

A

gage pressure

51
Q

pressures below the atmospheric pressure

A

vacuum pressure

52
Q

Measure by vacuum gages which indicates the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the absolute pressure

A

vacuum pressure

53
Q

Commonly used to measure small and moderate pressure differences

A

manometer

54
Q

Mainly consists of a glass or plastic U-Tube containing one or more fluids such as mercury, water, alcohol or oil

A

manometer

55
Q

measures atmospheric pressure

A

barometer

56
Q

describes how hot or cold something is; concept used to describe the direction in which heat transfer takes place

A

temperature

57
Q

form of energy that naturally flows from hot to cold temperatures

A

heat

58
Q

developed Celsius

A

Anders Celsius

59
Q

proponent of Fahrenheit

A

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit

60
Q

proponent of Kelvin

A

1st Baron Kelvin of Largs

61
Q

proponent of Rankine

A

William Rankine

62
Q

Principle of Conservation of Mass

A

Mass can be neither created nor destroyed

Thermodynamics (5 decks)

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