Basic Principles, Concepts, and Definitions

Question 1

science of energy

Answer 1

Thermodynamics

Question 2

Thermodynamics is derived from ________ meaning ________

Answer 2

Greek words therme (heat) & dynamis (power)

Question 3

If you can measure something, it has a _______.

Answer 3

dimension

Question 4

primary or fundamental dimensions

Answer 4

mass, length, time, temperature

Question 5

secondary or derived dimensions

Answer 5

velocity, energy, volume

Question 6

magnitudes assigned to the dimensions

Answer 6

units

Question 7

can be used to quantify the size of a dimension

Answer 7

units

Question 8

Two Different Unit of Systems

Answer 8

English System, Systeme Internationale (SI) or Metric or International System

Question 9

unit system most common in the US

Answer 9

English system

Question 10

Has no apparent systematic numerical base, and various units in this system are related to each other arbitrarily

Answer 10

English system

Question 11

system used by everyone except the United States

Answer 11

Systeme Internationale (SI) or Metric or International System

Question 12

Simple and logical system based on a decimal relationship between the various units

Answer 12

Systeme Internationale (SI) or Metric or International System

Question 13

SI stands for

Answer 13

Systeme Internationale

Question 14

defined as a quantity of matter or a region in space chosen for study

Answer 14

system

Question 15

real or imaginary surface that separates the system from its surroundings

Answer 15

boundary

Question 16

can also be fixed or moving and must be the contact surface both shared by the system and the surroundings

Answer 16

boundary

Question 17

Types of Systems

Answer 17

open, closed, isolated

Question 18

type of system where mass and energy to freely flow through the boundary

Answer 18

open system

Question 19

type of system where energy can transfer between the system and the surrounding but not mass

Answer 19

closed system

Question 20

type of system where neither mass nor energy can transfer between the system and the surroundings

Answer 20

isolated system

Question 21

Properties of a System

Answer 21

intensive, extensive

Question 22

properties that are independent of the mass of a system

Answer 22

intensive

Question 23

properties whose values depend on the size or extent of the system

Answer 23

extensive

Question 24

examples are temperature, pressure, density

Answer 24

intensive

Question 25

examples are volume, mass, energy, momentum

Answer 25

extensive

Question 26

law used in analyzing the flow of energy in a process or cycle

Answer 26

First Law

Question 27

law used to analyze generation of entropy in a process or cycle

Answer 27

Second Law

Question 28

states that when two objects are at the same temperature, they do not transfer heat

Answer 28

Zeroth Law

Question 29

It says that if two bodies are independently in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they’re in thermal equilibrium with each other.

Answer 29

Zeroth Law

Question 30

states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change form

Answer 30

First Law

Question 31

First Law is also known as

Answer 31

Law of Conservation of Energy

Question 32

Three Ways Energy can Leave a System

Answer 32

as form of work, form of heat, by adding or removing mass from the system

Question 33

a collection of concepts about the quality of energy for performing a process

Answer 33

Second Law

Question 34

High temperature reservoir is known as the ________, and the low-temperature reservoir is known as the ________.

Answer 34

heat source, heat sink

Question 35

provides the basis for determining the maximum theoretical limit for efficiency of a cycle

Answer 35

Second Law

Question 36

realistic behaviors that generate entropy

Answer 36

temperature difference, friction

Question 37

essence is the concept of zero entropy at zero temperature

Answer 37

Third Law

Question 38

property in thermodynamics that describes the amount of material used in a system or process

Answer 38

mass

Question 39

force exerted on an object by gravity

Answer 39

weight

Question 40

defined as mass per unit volume

Answer 40

density

Question 41

reciprocal of density

Answer 41

specific volume

Question 42

defined as volume per unit mass

Answer 42

specific volume

Question 43

defined as the ratio of a density of a substance to the density of some standard substance at a specified temperature

Answer 43

specific gravity or relative density

Question 44

other term for specific gravity

Answer 44

relative density

Question 45

dimensionless constant

Answer 45

specific gravity

Question 46

weight of a unit volume of a substance

Answer 46

specific weight

Question 47

defined as a normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area

Answer 47

pressure

Question 48

Types of Pressure

Answer 48

absolute, gage, vacuum

Question 49

Actual pressure at a given position and is measured relative to absolute volume

Answer 49

absolute pressure

Question 50

difference between the absolute pressure and the local atmospheric pressure

Answer 50

gage pressure

Question 51

pressures below the atmospheric pressure

Answer 51

vacuum pressure

Question 52

Measure by vacuum gages which indicates the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the absolute pressure

Answer 52

vacuum pressure

Question 53

Commonly used to measure small and moderate pressure differences

Answer 53

manometer

Question 54

Mainly consists of a glass or plastic U-Tube containing one or more fluids such as mercury, water, alcohol or oil

Answer 54

manometer

Question 55

measures atmospheric pressure

Answer 55

barometer

Question 56

describes how hot or cold something is; concept used to describe the direction in which heat transfer takes place

Answer 56

temperature

Question 57

form of energy that naturally flows from hot to cold temperatures

Answer 57

heat

Question 58

developed Celsius

Answer 58

Anders Celsius

Question 59

proponent of Fahrenheit

Answer 59

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit

Question 60

proponent of Kelvin

Answer 60

1st Baron Kelvin of Largs

Question 61

proponent of Rankine

Answer 61

William Rankine

Question 62

Principle of Conservation of Mass

Answer 62

Mass can be neither created nor destroyed