Basic Principles Flashcards
the route of administration can effect drugs’ bioavailability? t/f
True
Bioavailability: tells us what % drug gets into systemic circulation
- Systemic circulation = blood supply to body
- Ex: IV = 100% bioavailable
- Ex: Orally may vary
First pass effect will not be avoided by giving a drug rectally? t/f
False
The last 6 inches of the rectum bypass the liver and therefore make it to systemic circulation
First pass effect:
- when you take anything by mouth it gets absorbed and the first place it goes = mesenteric veins of GI tract then to portal system which delivers to the liver
- the liver sees the drug before the systemic circulation, and may filter it out before it does what we want
- natural mech derived so that when we eat toxin = gets rid of it so we do not die
- anything from the esophagus down goes through this system EXCEPT the last 6 in of the rectum
Loading dose is when an amount of drug is given IV over a short duration
False
Loading dose: when we give a dose of meds that is larger than our maintenance dose in order to reach a steady state faster
-ex: first dose may be bigger than the rest of the doses in order to get their plasma levels higher or what not
Ex: if you give med IV over short period of time FOLLOWED by IV drip of the same med = loading dose
bioidentical is when 2 drugs have the same pharmacologic effect
False
Bioidentical= means the drug is molecularly exactly the same as a hormone already in the body
ex: we give people human estrogen
same Pharmacologic effect: means they are therapeutically identical but not necessarily bioidentical
Therapeutic knowledge:
- indications
- pharmodynamics
- contraindications
- drug interactions
- pharmocokinetics
- dosage regimen
- economic considerations
- indications: what are the reasons it is ok to use this drug (FDA)
- pharmodynamics: what the drug does to the body
- contraindications: is this drug going to do more harm than good (ex: severe allergy to the drug)
- drug interactions: can be fatal
- pharmocokinetics: what the body is doing to the drug (absorbed, distributed, how does it get rid of it, what metabolizes it)
- dosage regimen: parameters set, EBM approach
- economic considerations $$
What makes up diagnosis and management
When you have therapeutic knowledge and performed assessment = you can have diagnosis and management
What is a drug
medicine or other substance which has a psychological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body (doesnt have to have a receptor = mineral oil)
What is a receptor
broadly defined as any compound within the body that drug binds to = effect
- most often drugs bind to endogenous substances
- usually protein tissue type (everywhere in body)
Iigand
something (usually drug or naturally in the body) that binds to a receptor to serve a biological purpose
- can counteract a process or enhance
- when ligand binds to receptor= effect
side effect
when drug binds to receptors we did not intend on it binding to = causing other effects to occur
drugs do not create effects, only modify ongoing ones (t/f)
true
- drugs do not put new functions into cell only effect their expression
agonists
facilitate receptor response
- bind to a receptor and turn it on (mimic the neurotransmitter normally binding there)
- some have higher affinity than neurotransmiter
- can turn off a process
antagonist
inhibit receptor response
- blocks neurotransmitter and agonist from binding (which prevents them from turning something on or turning something off)
- can be permanent ( body will just make a new receptor)
- just binds to the receptor-> doesn’t activate anything
permanent binding of a drug is done with what bonds
covalent
partial agonist
bind to receptor, can activate/turn on receptor a partial amount, but off most of the time
- get some effect but not as much as full agonist
- common pain meds
