Basic Physiology Flashcards
Where is aldosterone released from?
The Dona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex
What’s the function of aldosterone ?
It stimulates the rehabs or toon of sodium from the distal tubules, with a consequent excretion of potassium
What does aldosterone increase the secretion of?
- Angiotensin 2
- Potassium
- ACTH
What is a diuretic?
Substance that promotes the increased production of urine.
What percentage does renal blood flow account for in cardiac output?
25%
What is glomerular filtration rate?
The volume of fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman’s capsule per unit of time. Key measure of renal function
What is renal clearance? How do you measure this?
The volume of plasma cleared of a substance per unit of time.
Clearance = urine conc x urine flow rate / plasma concentrate
How is GFR measured?
GFR = urine conc inulin x urine flow rate inulin / plasma concentration inulin
How do you work out Filtration fraction?
FF = GFR/RPA
Where are the kidneys located?
Between T12 and L3
Partially protected by ribs 11 and 12
Retroperitoneal
What are the surrounding tissues of the kidney?
Outer layer: Renal Fascia, which is dense connective tissue and anchors the kidney
Middle layer: Adipose capsule, made from fatty tissue and protects the kidney from trauma
Inner layer: dense connective tissue, gives kidney shape
What’s the role of the macula densa?
It senses a decrease in sodium and blood pressure so causes juxtagolmerular cells to secrete renin.
What’s the function of rugae in the bladder?
To be able to stretch out and increase the space in the bladder.
What are the layers in the bladder?
Inner: transitional epithelium which allows bladder to distend while maintaining a barrier.
Middle: Detrusor muscle helps with bladder contraction.
Fibrous adventitia: holds bladder loosely in place
Where does glucose reabsorption take place?
Proximal convoluted tube
