Basic overview of conditions covered Flashcards
shingles
chicken pox reactivation
acute cholecystitis
inflammation of gallbladder
Anaphylaxis/ anaphylactic shock
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction to venom, food, or medication Most cases are caused by a bee sting or eating foods that are known to cause allergies, such as peanuts or tree nuts Anaphylaxis causes a series of symptoms, including a rash, low pulse, and shock, which is known as anaphylactic shock.
Ankylosing spondylitis anker-low-sing
chronic inflammation of the spine and other areas of the body
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome, characterised by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs
arthritis (both kinds)
osteoarthritis: -a degenerative joint condition -more common -breakdown of cartilage that cushions their joints causes bone to rub against bone and exposes small nerves, causing pain rheumatoid arthritis: -an autoimmune condition -less common -body interprets the soft lining around your joints as a threat and attacks it -this immune response causes swelling and fluid buildup around joints (+ pain)
bacteraemia
the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. Bacteremia may result from ordinary activities (such as vigorous toothbrushing), dental or medical procedures, or from infections (such as pneumonia or a uti)
bradycardia
a slower than normal heart rate
bronchiectasis
long-term condition where the airways of the lungs become abnormally widened, leading to a build-up of excess mucus that can make the lungs more vulnerable to infection
cellulitis
Cellulitis is an infection of the deeper layers of skin and the underlying tissue. It can be serious if not treated promptly.
chillblains
small, itchy swellings on the skin that occur as a reaction to cold temperatures
Cholera
is a bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water
Cirrhosis
a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. Each time your liver is injured — whether by disease, excessive alcohol consumption or another cause — it tries to repair itself
clostridium difficile (C. diff)
bacterial infection that infect the bowel and cause diarrhoea
coeliac disease
a common autoimmune condition where the immune system in a person’s intestine (gut) reacts when they eat gluten – causing chronic inflammation.
conjunctivitis
inflammation of conjunctiva
Crohn’s disease
- a type of IBD
- chronic inflammation of the lining of digestive system
cystic fibrosis
inherited condition affecting the digestive system and lungs (thick mucus)
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bladder infection
croup
- distinctive barking cough - a childhood condition affecting the trachea, bronchi and larynx
- an infection of the upper airway (can be caused by bactreria, allergies or reflux from the stomach)
diverticular disease and diverticulitis
diverticular disease: small bulges develop in lining of colon, diverticulitis: when the pockets become inflamed
down’s syndrome
also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is usually associated with physical growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic facial features.
Dysentery
- an intestinal inflammation, primarily of the colon
- It can lead to mild or severe stomach cramps and severe diarrhea with mucus or blood in the feces
dysphagia
swallowing problems
Ectopic pregnancy
when a fertilised egg implants itself outside of the womb, usually in one of the fallopian tubes. The fallopian tubes are the tubes connecting the ovaries to the womb. If an egg gets stuck in them, it won’t develop into a baby and your health may be at risk if the pregnancy continues.
Embolism
A clot that travels from the site where it formed to another location in the body (doesn’t have to be blood clot - just has to obstruct vessel)
entercolitis
Enterocolitis is an inflammation of the digestive tract
fibromyalgia
long term pain all over the body
Fibrosis
also known as fibrotic scarring, is a pathological wound healing in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes unchecked, leading to considerable tissue remodeling and the formation of permanent scar tissue
gallstones
stones, usually made of cholesterol, that form in the gallbladder
gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
acid from stomach leaks up into the oesophagus
Infectious mononucleosis (IM, mono)
(aka glandular fever)
viral infection mostly affects young adults
an infection usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) (a member of the herpesvirus family)
often results in fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and tiredness. Most people recover in two to four weeks; however, feeling tired may last for months
memory: jeffery epstein is at a bar, he has one (mono) massive secreting gland instred of a face - he’s at the bar because he’s drinking away his sorrows about having just being diagnoses with herpes
gout
type of arthritis; small crystals form inside and around joints
granuloma
are small lumps of immune cells that form in your body in areas where there is infection or inflammation. They’re most commonly found in your lungs, but they can also be in other areas of your head and body. Doctors believe that they block the spread of organisms such as bacteria and fungi through your body. diseases than involve granulomas: TB, leprosy
haemorrhoids (piles)
swellings containing enlarged blood vessels that are found inside or around the bottom (the rectum and anus)
hep A, B and C
- hep A: a liver infection caused by a virus that’s spread in the poo of an infected person - not too serious and can usually make a full recovery w/n a couple months
- hep B: infection of the liver caused by a virus that’s spread through blood and body fluids - usually passes by it’s self w/n months and no obvious symptoms - but long term can cause serious liver damage
- hep C: a virus that can infect the liver. If left untreated, it can sometimes cause serious and potentially life-threatening damage to the liver over many years
hiatus hernia
when part of the stomach squeezes up into the chest through an opening (“hiatus”) in the diaphragm.
Huntington’s disease
Huntington’s disease is a rare, inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain. Huntington’s disease has a broad impact on a person’s functional abilities and usually results in movement, thinking (cognitive) and psychiatric disorders
The symptoms usually start at 30 to 50 years of age, but can begin much earlier or later.
Symptoms of Huntington’s disease can include:
difficulty concentrating and memory lapses
depression
stumbling and clumsiness
involuntary jerking or fidgety movements of the limbs and body
mood swings and personality changes
problems swallowing, speaking and breathing
difficulty moving
Full-time nursing care is needed in the later stages of the condition. It’s usually fatal about 15 to 20 years after symptoms start.
remeber: imagine a hunter stalking a man through the jungle. the hunter stops, levels his gun and fires. but the hunter is a terrible shot and the bullet almost completely misses it’s mark, just grazing the man. the bullet just hits the outer surface of the outer skin cell on the man, and damages 1 single gene. Unfortuantly, this genetic damage causes a 20 year progressive brain cell degeneration
IBS
Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome include stomach cramps, bloating, diarrhoea and constipation. These may come and go over time.
You can usually help ease irritable bowel syndrome by making changes to your diet and lifestyle, such as avoiding things that trigger your symptoms.
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
the lungs become scarred and breathing becomes increasingly difficult
idiophathic
relating to or denoting any disease or condition which arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown.
impetigo
- a common and highly contagious skin infection that mainly affects infants and children
- Impetigo usually appears as red sores on the face, especially around a child’s nose and mouth, and on hands and feet. The sores burst and develop honey-colored crusts.
- Treatment with antibiotics is generally recommended to help prevent the spread of impetigo to others.
infarction
tissue death (necrosis) due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area (essentially progressed ischemia)
influenza
an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. Symptoms can be mild to severe. The most common symptoms include: high fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle and joint pain, headache, coughing, and feeling tired.
Iron deficiency anaemia
Iron deficiency anaemia is caused by lack of iron, often because of blood loss or pregnancy. It’s treated with iron tablets prescribed by a GP and by eating iron-rich foods.
Ischemia
a restriction in blood supply to tissues/ any reduction in blood flow
lupus
complex and poorly understood condition that affects many parts of the body and causes symptoms ranging from mild to life-threatening
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Lupus is a condition that affects the immune system. It can cause problems with your skin, joints, kidneys and other organs.
Symptoms of lupus include joint pain, extreme tiredness and a rash on your face.
Lupus is caused by your immune system mistakenly attacking healthy parts of your body. It’s not fully understood why this happens.
measles
highly infectious viral illness that can be very unpleasant and sometimes lead to serious complications
mumps
Mumps is an infection that causes painful swellings in the sides of your face. It usually gets better on its own, but can make some people very ill.
caused by a virus
oral thrush
a fungal infection of the mouth. It is not contagious and is usually successfully treated with antifungal medication. It is also called oral candidosis (or candiasis) because it is caused by a group of yeasts called Candida.
pleurisy
inflammation of the sheet-like layers that cover the lungs (the pleura).
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a skin disorder that causes skin cells to multiply up to 10 times faster than normal. This makes the skin build up into bumpy red patches covered with white scales. They can grow anywhere, but most appear on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back. Psoriasis can’t be passed from person to person.
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Raynaud’s phenomenon is a common condition that affects the blood supply to certain parts of the body – usually the fingers and toes.
Rosacea
Rosacea (roe-ZAY-she-uh) is a common skin condition that causes redness and visible blood vessels in your face. It may also produce small, red, pus-filled bumps. These signs and symptoms may flare up for weeks to months and then go away for a while. Rosacea can be mistaken for acne, other skin problems or natural ruddiness.
scabies
Scabies is a very itchy skin condition caused by tiny mites burrowing into your skin.
The main symptom of scabies is a very itchy rash, often starting between the fingers.
Scabies is usually treated with creams and lotions from a pharmacy. It can spread easily from person to person.
scarlet fever
Scarlet fever is a bacterial illness that mainly affects children. It causes a distinctive pink-red rash.
- remeber:*
- scarlet (the girl i met in laos) is covered in bacteria and they’re nawing at her skin making it all red*
scoliosis
Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine. Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. While scoliosis can be caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy, the cause of most scoliosis is unknown.
slapped cheek syndrome
Slapped cheek syndrome (also called fifth disease or parvovirus B19) is a viral infection that’s most common in children, although it can affect people of any age. It usually causes a bright red rash on the cheeks.
Urticaria
(hives); a raised, itchy rash that appears on the skin. It may appear on one part of the body or be spread across large areas.
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