Basic overview of conditions covered Flashcards
1
Q
shingles
A
chicken pox reactivation
2
Q
acute cholecystitis
A
inflammation of gallbladder
3
Q
Anaphylaxis/ anaphylactic shock
A
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction to venom, food, or medication Most cases are caused by a bee sting or eating foods that are known to cause allergies, such as peanuts or tree nuts Anaphylaxis causes a series of symptoms, including a rash, low pulse, and shock, which is known as anaphylactic shock.
4
Q
Ankylosing spondylitis anker-low-sing
A
chronic inflammation of the spine and other areas of the body
5
Q
ARDS
A
acute respiratory distress syndrome, characterised by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs
6
Q
arthritis (both kinds)
A
osteoarthritis: -a degenerative joint condition -more common -breakdown of cartilage that cushions their joints causes bone to rub against bone and exposes small nerves, causing pain rheumatoid arthritis: -an autoimmune condition -less common -body interprets the soft lining around your joints as a threat and attacks it -this immune response causes swelling and fluid buildup around joints (+ pain)
7
Q
bacteraemia
A
the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. Bacteremia may result from ordinary activities (such as vigorous toothbrushing), dental or medical procedures, or from infections (such as pneumonia or a uti)
8
Q
bradycardia
A
a slower than normal heart rate
9
Q
bronchiectasis
A
long-term condition where the airways of the lungs become abnormally widened, leading to a build-up of excess mucus that can make the lungs more vulnerable to infection
10
Q
cellulitis
A
Cellulitis is an infection of the deeper layers of skin and the underlying tissue. It can be serious if not treated promptly.
11
Q
chillblains
A
small, itchy swellings on the skin that occur as a reaction to cold temperatures
12
Q
Cholera
A
is a bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water
13
Q
Cirrhosis
A
a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. Each time your liver is injured — whether by disease, excessive alcohol consumption or another cause — it tries to repair itself
14
Q
clostridium difficile (C. diff)
A
bacterial infection that infect the bowel and cause diarrhoea
15
Q
coeliac disease
A
a common autoimmune condition where the immune system in a person’s intestine (gut) reacts when they eat gluten – causing chronic inflammation.
16
Q
conjunctivitis
A
inflammation of conjunctiva
17
Q
Crohn’s disease
A
- a type of IBD
- chronic inflammation of the lining of digestive system
18
Q
cystic fibrosis
A
inherited condition affecting the digestive system and lungs (thick mucus)
19
Q
cystitis
A
inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bladder infection
20
Q
croup
A
- distinctive barking cough - a childhood condition affecting the trachea, bronchi and larynx
- an infection of the upper airway (can be caused by bactreria, allergies or reflux from the stomach)
21
Q
diverticular disease and diverticulitis
A
diverticular disease: small bulges develop in lining of colon, diverticulitis: when the pockets become inflamed
22
Q
down’s syndrome
A
also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is usually associated with physical growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic facial features.
23
Q
Dysentery
A
- an intestinal inflammation, primarily of the colon
- It can lead to mild or severe stomach cramps and severe diarrhea with mucus or blood in the feces
24
Q
dysphagia
A
swallowing problems
25
Ectopic pregnancy
when a fertilised egg implants itself outside of the womb, usually in one of the fallopian tubes. The fallopian tubes are the tubes connecting the ovaries to the womb. If an egg gets stuck in them, it won't develop into a baby and your health may be at risk if the pregnancy continues.
26
Embolism
A clot that travels from the site where it formed to another location in the body (doesn't have to be blood clot - just has to obstruct vessel)
27
entercolitis
Enterocolitis is an inflammation of the digestive tract
28
fibromyalgia
long term pain all over the body
29
Fibrosis
also known as fibrotic scarring, is a pathological wound healing in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes unchecked, leading to considerable tissue remodeling and the formation of permanent scar tissue
30
gallstones
stones, usually made of cholesterol, that form in the gallbladder
31
gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
acid from stomach leaks up into the oesophagus
32
Infectious mononucleosis (IM, mono)
(aka glandular fever)
viral infection mostly affects young adults
an infection usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) (a member of the herpesvirus family)
often results in fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and tiredness. Most people recover in two to four weeks; however, feeling tired may last for months
memory: jeffery epstein is at a bar, he has one (mono) massive secreting gland instred of a face - he's at the bar because he's drinking away his sorrows about having just being diagnoses with herpes
33
gout
type of arthritis; small crystals form inside and around joints
34
granuloma
are small lumps of immune cells that form in your body in areas where there is infection or inflammation. They’re most commonly found in your lungs, but they can also be in other areas of your head and body. Doctors believe that they block the spread of organisms such as bacteria and fungi through your body. diseases than involve granulomas: TB, leprosy
35
haemorrhoids (piles)
swellings containing enlarged blood vessels that are found inside or around the bottom (the rectum and anus)
36
hep A, B and C
* **hep A:** a liver infection caused by a virus that's spread in the poo of an infected person - not too serious and can usually make a full recovery w/n a couple months
* **hep B:** infection of the liver caused by a virus that's spread through blood and body fluids - usually passes by it's self w/n months and no obvious symptoms - but long term can cause serious liver damage
* **hep C:** a virus that can infect the liver. If left untreated, it can sometimes cause serious and potentially life-threatening damage to the liver over many years
37
hiatus hernia
when part of the stomach squeezes up into the chest through an opening ("hiatus") in the diaphragm.
38
Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease is a rare, inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain. Huntington's disease has a broad impact on a person's functional abilities and usually results in movement, thinking (cognitive) and psychiatric disorders
The symptoms usually start at 30 to 50 years of age, but can begin much earlier or later.
Symptoms of Huntington's disease can include:
difficulty concentrating and memory lapses
depression
stumbling and clumsiness
involuntary jerking or fidgety movements of the limbs and body
mood swings and personality changes
problems swallowing, speaking and breathing
difficulty moving
Full-time nursing care is needed in the later stages of the condition. It's usually fatal about 15 to 20 years after symptoms start.
remeber: imagine a hunter stalking a man through the jungle. the hunter stops, levels his gun and fires. but the hunter is a terrible shot and the bullet almost completely misses it's mark, just grazing the man. the bullet just hits the outer surface of the outer skin cell on the man, and damages 1 single gene. Unfortuantly, this genetic damage causes a 20 year progressive brain cell degeneration
39
IBS
Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome include stomach cramps, bloating, diarrhoea and constipation. These may come and go over time.
You can usually help ease irritable bowel syndrome by making changes to your diet and lifestyle, such as avoiding things that trigger your symptoms.
40
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
the lungs become scarred and breathing becomes increasingly difficult
41
idiophathic
relating to or denoting any disease or condition which arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown.
42
impetigo
* a common and highly contagious skin infection that mainly affects infants and children
* Impetigo usually appears as red sores on the face, especially around a child's nose and mouth, and on hands and feet. The sores burst and develop honey-colored crusts.
* Treatment with antibiotics is generally recommended to help prevent the spread of impetigo to others.
43
infarction
tissue death (necrosis) due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area (essentially progressed ischemia)
44
influenza
an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. Symptoms can be mild to severe. The most common symptoms include: high fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle and joint pain, headache, coughing, and feeling tired.
45
Iron deficiency anaemia
Iron deficiency anaemia is caused by lack of iron, often because of blood loss or pregnancy. It's treated with iron tablets prescribed by a GP and by eating iron-rich foods.
46
Ischemia
a restriction in blood supply to tissues/ any reduction in blood flow
47
labyrinthitis
inner ear infeciton, affecting hearing and balance
48
laryngitis
laryngitis is inflammation of your voice box (larynx)
49
lichen planus
non-infectious itchy rash affecting many areas of the body
50
lupus
complex and poorly understood condition that affects many parts of the body and causes symptoms ranging from mild to life-threatening
/
Lupus is a condition that affects the immune system. It can cause problems with your skin, joints, kidneys and other organs.
Symptoms of lupus include joint pain, extreme tiredness and a rash on your face.
Lupus is caused by your immune system mistakenly attacking healthy parts of your body. It's not fully understood why this happens.
51
lyme disease
Lyme disease can cause a circular red rash around a tick bite and flu-like symptoms.
Lyme disease is treated with antibiotics from a GP. The sooner you start treatment, the better your chances of a full recovery.
52
lymphoedema
chronic (long-term) condition that causes swelling in the body's tissues. It can affect any part of the body, but usually develops in the arms or legs.
53
measles
highly infectious viral illness that can be very unpleasant and sometimes lead to serious complications
54
meningitis
an infection of the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord (meninges).
55
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a lifelong condition that affects the brain and nerves.
There are many possible symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Common symptoms include tiredness, vision problems and problems with walking or balance.
Multiple sclerosis cannot be cured, but medicines and other treatments can help ease some of the symptoms.
56
mumps
Mumps is an infection that causes painful swellings in the sides of your face. It usually gets better on its own, but can make some people very ill.
caused by a virus
57
Myalgic encephalomyelitis
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)
long term condition - persistent fatigue
58
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
range of conditions caused by a build-up of fat in the liver. It's usually seen in people who are overweight or obese.
59
norovirus
causes diarrhoea and vomiting and is one of the most common stomach bugs in the UK
60
obstructive sleep apnoea
Sleep apnoea is when your breathing stops and starts while you sleep. The most common type is called obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
61
oral thrush
a fungal infection of the mouth. It is not contagious and is usually successfully treated with antifungal medication. It is also called oral candidosis (or candiasis) because it is caused by a group of yeasts called Candida.
62
ossification
the natural process of bone formation. b : the hardening (as of muscular tissue) into a bony substance
63
'osteo-' meaning (as in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis)
relating to bones
64
otitis externa
causes inflammation (redness and swelling) of the external ear canal, which is the tube between the outer ear and eardrum.
65
Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Dementia
Dementia is the umbrella term for loss of memory and other cognitive function Alzerimer's is the most common form of dementia (60-80%) Lewy body, vascular and frontotemporal all = 5-10% Parkinson's is a less common form of dementia
66
Peptic ulcer
Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the inside lining of your stomach and the upper portion of your small intestine
67
peripheral neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy develops when nerves in the body's extremities – such as the hands, feet and arms – are damaged. The symptoms depend on which nerves are affected.
68
pleurisy
inflammation of the sheet-like layers that cover the lungs (the pleura).
69
pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia.
70
Pneumothorax
collape of lung (full collapse - partial is atelectasis)
71
Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)
Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a condition that causes pain, stiffness and inflammation in the muscles around the shoulders, neck and hips.
72
prophylaxis
the preventing of disease/ treatment given or action taken to prevent disease 'Prophylaxis against typhus fever is, therefore, primarily a question of vermin extermination.'
73
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a skin disorder that causes skin cells to multiply up to 10 times faster than normal. This makes the skin build up into bumpy red patches covered with white scales. They can grow anywhere, but most appear on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back. Psoriasis can't be passed from person to person.
74
Psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis that affects some people with the skin condition psoriasis. It typically causes affected joints to become swollen, stiff and painful.
Like psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis is a long-term condition that can get progressively worse. If it's severe, there's a risk of the joints becoming permanently damaged or deformed, and surgery may be needed.
75
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is a condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs. This fluid collects in the numerous air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. In most cases, heart problems cause pulmonary edema
76
pyrexia
raised body temperature/ fever
77
Raynaud's phenomenon
Raynaud’s phenomenon is a common condition that affects the blood supply to certain parts of the body – usually the fingers and toes.
78
rheumatoid arthritis vs osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis occurs when the smooth cartilage joint surface wears out. Osteoarthritis usually begins in an isolated joint. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease, which means that the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body instead of intruders.
79
Rosacea
Rosacea (roe-ZAY-she-uh) is a common skin condition that causes redness and visible blood vessels in your face. It may also produce small, red, pus-filled bumps. These signs and symptoms may flare up for weeks to months and then go away for a while. Rosacea can be mistaken for acne, other skin problems or natural ruddiness.
80
Rotavirus
Rotavirus is a very contagious virus that causes diarrhea. It's the most common cause of diarrhea in infants and children worldwide, resulting in over 215,000 deaths annually. Before the development of a vaccine, most children in the United States had been infected with the virus at least once by age 5.
81
scabies
Scabies is a very itchy skin condition caused by tiny mites burrowing into your skin.
The main symptom of scabies is a very itchy rash, often starting between the fingers.
Scabies is usually treated with creams and lotions from a pharmacy. It can spread easily from person to person.
82
scarlet fever
Scarlet fever is a bacterial illness that mainly affects children. It causes a distinctive pink-red rash.
* remeber:*
* scarlet (the girl i met in laos) is covered in bacteria and they're nawing at her skin making it all red*
83
scoliosis
Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine. Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. While scoliosis can be caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy, the cause of most scoliosis is unknown.
84
Sepsis/ septic shock
sepsis is part of a spectrum of disorders; a physiological continuum with progressively worsening balance between pro and anti-inflammatory responses of the body: mild end: -SIRS (systemic inflammatory repsonse syndrome): inflammation throughout the body, can be caused by trauma, pancreatitis, infection (sepsis), ischemia, malignancy etc middle: -sepsis: SIRS + confirmed infection severe -septic shock: sepsis + hypotension which remains despite fluids + treatment very severe -MODS (multi organ dysfunction syndrome): septic schock + organ failure
85
shock (as in septic shock or anaphylactic shock)
Shock: In medicine, a critical condition that is brought on by a sudden drop in blood flow through the body. The circulatory system fails to maintain adequate blood flow, sharply curtailing the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to vital organs.
86
stasis
a state in which the normal flow of a body liquid stops, for example the flow of blood through vessels or of intestinal contents through the digestive tract - stasis can lead to thrombosis
87
Tachycardia
heart rate over 100 beats per minute/ fast heart
88
Thrombus
a blood clot that forms in a vessel and remains there
89
which 2 conditions have varicella zoster virus (VZV) in common
Shingles is caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays dormant (inactive) in their body. The virus can reactivate later, causing shingles.
90
slapped cheek syndrome
Slapped cheek syndrome (also called fifth disease or parvovirus B19) is a viral infection that's most common in children, although it can affect people of any age. It usually causes a bright red rash on the cheeks.
91
gastric ulcer
Stomach ulcers are almost always caused by one of the following:
an infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen
92
what is SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome
93
threadworms
also known as pinworms, are tiny parasitic worms that infect the large intestine of humans.
94
thrush
a yeast infection
95
tinnitus
Tinnitus is the perception of noise or ringing in the ears
Tinnitus isn't a condition itself — it's a symptom of an underlying condition such as age-related hearing loss, ear injury or a circulatory system disorder.
96
Typhoid (fever)
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a bacterial infection due to a specific type of Salmonella that causes symptoms. can be fatal if not treated
highly contagious, can be spread via stools
main symptoms:
a high temperature that can reach 39 to 40C
headache
general aches and pains
cough
constipation
As the infection progresses, you may lose your appetite, feel sick, and have a tummy ache and diarrhoea. Some people may develop a rash.
97
transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
A transient ischaemic attack, also called a "mini stroke", is a serious condition where the blood supply to your brain is temporarily disrupted.
caused by loss of blood flow (ischemia) in the brain, spinal cord, or retina, without tissue death (infarction). TIAs have the same underlying mechanism as ischemic strokes.
98
trigeminal neuralgia
a sudden, severe facial pain, described as sharp, shooting or like an electric shock.
99
tuberculosis (TB)
a bacterial infection spread through inhaling tiny droplets from the coughs or sneezes of an infected person.
It mainly affects the lungs, but it can affect any part of the body, including the tummy (abdomen), glands, bones and nervous system.
TB is a potentially serious condition, but it can be cured if it's treated with the right antibiotics.
Typical symptoms of TB include:
a persistent cough that lasts more than 3 weeks and usually brings up phlegm, which may be bloody
weight loss
night sweats
high temperature
tiredness and fatigue
loss of appetite
swellings in the neck
* memory:*
* a big tube (tube-rculosis) is stuck down someones trachea and entering their lungs, bacteria are all jumping into this tube*
100
Trachoma
Trachoma is an infectious disease caused by bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. The infection causes a roughening of the inner surface of the eyelids. This roughening can lead to pain in the eyes, breakdown of the outer surface or cornea of the eyes, and eventual blindness.
* remeber:*
* a man is sprinting down a dirt track, running away from a lady with chlamydia (trachomatis), but he trips and falls into her acomplice who is naked and spikes him in the eye with his chlamydia penis - he goes blind (this was preventable)*
101
type I vs type II diabetes mellitus
I = autoimmune
II = insulin resistance, obesity related
102
ulcerative colitis
long term condition where colon and rectum become inflamed
apparently the one condition which smoking tobacco helps with
103
Urticaria
(hives); a raised, itchy rash that appears on the skin. It may appear on one part of the body or be spread across large areas.
er-tee-k-air-eya
104
varicose eczema
Varicose eczema, also known as venous, gravitational or stasis eczema, is a long-term skin condition that affects the lower legs. It's common in people with varicose veins.
105
varicose veins
Varicose veins are twisted, enlarged veins. Any superficial vein may become varicosed, but the veins most commonly affected are those in your legs. That's because standing and walking upright increases the pressure in the veins of your lower body.
106
Vertigo
Vertigo is a symptom, rather than a condition itself. It's the sensation that you, or the environment around you, is moving or spinning. This feeling may be barely noticeable, or it may be so severe that you find it difficult to keep your balance and do everyday tasks.
107
vit B12 anaemia/ folate deficiency anaemia
Vitamin B12 or B9 (commonly called folate) deficiency anaemia occurs when a lack of vitamin B12 or folate causes the body to produce abnormally large red blood cells that cannot function properly.
108
pertussis
(whooping cough) is a bacterial infection of the lungs and breathing tubes. It spreads very easily.
109
yellow fever
a serious viral infection that is spread by certain types of mosquito. It’s mainly found in sub-Saharan Africa, South America and parts of the Caribbean.
*remember: dead sunflower (viruses aren't alive) eaten by a mosquito, and then the mosquito has a fever*
110
enteric
relating to or occurring in the intestines
111
**prophylaxis**
**treatment given or action taken to prevent disease.**
112
prolapse
Prolapse means "to fall out of place", from the Latin prolabi meaning "to fall out".
113
The medical definition of an ulcer
The medical definition of an ulcer is “a break in skin or mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue, disintegration and necrosis of epithelial tissue, and often pus”. Basically, an ulcer is an open sore or wound.
114
steat- meaning, as in steatorrhea
steat- (steato-) combining form denoting fat; fatty tissue
115
icterus
technical term for jaundice
