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Basic Knowledge > Basic Knowledge CH 5 System of measurement > Flashcards

Basic Knowledge CH 5 System of measurement Flashcards

1
Q

Deci

A

D, 10^-1

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2
Q

Centi

A

c, 10^-2

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3
Q

Mili

A

m, 10^-3

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4
Q

Micro

A

u, 10^-6

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5
Q

Nano

A

N, 10^-9

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6
Q

Pico

A

p, 10^-12

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7
Q

Femto

A

10^-15

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8
Q

What is the formula for converting temperatures from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit ?

A

F= 9/5 (C+32)

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9
Q

What is the formula for converting temperature from degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius?

A

C=5/9(F-32)

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10
Q

What type of labware is not calibrated to hold a particular or exact volume but is available in various volumes depending on the desired use?

A

Containers and receivers

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11
Q

Which type of labware must go through a rigorous process of volume calibration to ensure the accuracy of the measurement required for lab testing ?

A

Volumetric glassware

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12
Q

Deliver the amount of liquid contained between two calibrated mars on a cylinder or pipette
- Great accuracy is less critical
- Primarily in measuring reagents, but are not calibrated with sufficient tolerance to use in measuring standard or control solutions, unknown specimens or filtrates.
- Requires draining between two marks; they introduce one or more error compared with volumetric pipettes, which will have only one calibration mark.
- Use for speed more than precision

A

Graduated Pipette (TD to deliver pipette)

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13
Q

The ofrices, or tip opening, is larger. The rate of the fall of liquid is much too fast for great accuracy or precision. Used in which relative values are sought.

A

Serologic Pipette

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14
Q

One of the most precise pipette. This type of pipette is calibrated to contain a specific amount of liquid. It must be rinsed out with diluent.
- Used when small amounts of blood or specimen is needed
- Are mostly calibrated to contain the stated volume rather than to deliver it.

A

Micropipette (to-contain pipette)

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15
Q

Calibrated to deliver a fixed volume of liquid by drainage. Are suitable for all accuracy measurements of volumes of 1 mL or more and are calibrated to deliver the amount inscribed on them.
-Used to measure standard solutions, unknown blood and plasma filtrates, serum, plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and some reagents.

A

Volumetric pipette

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16
Q

The cups holding the tubes of material to be centrifuge occupy a vertical position when the centrifuge is at rest but assume a horizontal position when the centrifuge revolves. The particles being centrifuged constantly move along the tube, and any sediment is distributed evenly against the bottom of the tube.

A

Horizontal-head centrifuge (swinging buckets)

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17
Q

The cups are held in a rigid position at a fixed angle. This position makes the process of centrifuging more rapid than with the horizontal head centrifuge. During the centrifugation, particles travel along the side of the tube to form a sediment that packs against the bottom and side of the tube.

A

Fixed-angle head centrifuge

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18
Q

What is the equation used to calculate relative centrifugal force of a centrifuge ?

A

RCF= 1.12x10^-5 X r X (rpm)^2

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19
Q

Electronic pipette used to prepare multiple sample for analysis. Typically part of an automated analyzer

A

Automated (Specialized pipettes)

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20
Q

Handheld devices using disposable tips. Can contain or deliver small volumes of liquid ranging from 1 to 1000 ul

A

Semi-Automated (Specialized pipette)

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21
Q

Glass pipette using a bulb in the middle of the pipette with a tapered delivery tip

A

Transfer/Volumetric (Manual pipette)

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22
Q

Glass or plastic pipette uniform in diameter with a tapered delivery tip

A

Measuring/Graduated (Manual pipette)

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23
Q

Must be rinsed with the appropriate solvent after the first liquid has drained from these pipettes

A

To contain (TC)/ Rinse-out

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24
Q

Filled and allowed to drain by gravity. Held vertically and tip placed against side of receiving vessel.

A

To deliver(TD) Self draining

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25
Q

Filled and allowed to drain after which the remaining fluid in the tip is blown out. Identified by two frosted bands near the mouthpiece.

A

To deliver (TD) Blow-Out

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26
Q

Relies on a piston for creating suction to draw the sample into a disposable tip
-Tip Changed after each use

A

Air displacement (Automated pipette)

27
Q

Operates by moving the piston in the pipette tip or barrel much like a hypodermic syringe
- Commonly used as a dispenser
- Does not require a different tip

A

Positive displacement (Automated pipette)

28
Q

Verifies the accuracy of the amount of water that is dispensed by the pipette

A

Gravimetric Calibration

29
Q

Verifies the accuracy of the amount of dye-pipette into a specific volume of water and read spectrophotometrically

A

Volumetric calibration

30
Q

It is a solid sedimentation

A

Precipitate

31
Q

Liquid or top portion

A

Supernatant

32
Q

Used to separate cells from serum/plasma
ex: Horizontal-head (swinging bucket)
Fixed-angled(angled head)

A

Table Top Centrifuge

33
Q

Separates small liquid samples of <2mL in plastic conical shaped containers

A

Microcentrifuge

34
Q

High speed (up to 150,000 rpm) used to separate chylomicrons from serum

A

Ultracentrifuge

35
Q

Speed and time should be checked every what ??

A

6 month

36
Q

Centrifugal Force (RCF) depends on ???

A

-Mass
- Speed (rpm)
- Radius (r) in cm

37
Q

Clinical laboratory standards institute recommends blood samples be centrifuge at what RCF ?

A

1,000-1,200 x g (or 3,500 rpm) for 10-15 minutes

38
Q

The force acting on samples during centrifugation

A

Relative centrifugal force or g force

39
Q

At what temp. for Heat block and water baths?

A

36-38 C

40
Q

At what temp for Room temperature ?

A

20-24 C

41
Q

At what temp for Freezer in laboratory ?

A

<-20 C

42
Q

At what temp for freezer in blood bank ?

A

<-65 C

43
Q

At what temp for refrigerator in laboratory ?

A

2-8C

44
Q

At what temp for refrigerator in blood bank?

A

1-6 C

45
Q

What types are thermometers are used ?

A
  • Mercury-in-glass
  • Digital
  • Electronic
46
Q

Maintains national standards for temperature

A

NIST (National institute of Standards and technology )

47
Q

Reading of a thermometer compared to a known temperature standard through process of ________.

A

Calibration

48
Q

True/False : NIST-certified thermometers- come with a certificate of calibration.

A

TRUE

49
Q

A calibrated thermometer can be used to measure the temperature of other thermometers as long as the final thermometer is then compared to NIST standard through a process called what ?

A

Traceability

50
Q

How close a laboratory test result is to a true value

A

Accuracy

51
Q

How close test results for the same specimen tested several times are to each other

A

Precision

52
Q

Reflects the innate reproducibility of the signal generated by the test solution and the stability of the analyzer used to measure that signal.

A

Precision

53
Q

Calculated using the mean value (average) of all test values and the the deviation of each measurements from the mean

A

Standard deviation

54
Q

When precision is expressed as percent of the mean

A

Coefficient of Variation

55
Q

When the standard deviation of repeated measures of a control sample is calculated and set up on a curve

A

Confidence internal

56
Q

The measurement is wrong by the same amount every time

A

Systematic error

57
Q

The results vary a little bit due to unpredictable difference caused by things like human error measuring

A

Random Error

58
Q

What is better for screening test?

A

Sensitivity

59
Q

What is better for confirmatory test?

A

Specificity

60
Q

Average of a set of values

A

Mean

61
Q

Midpoint value

A

Median

62
Q

Sample value that appears with greatest frequency

A

Mode

63
Q

Is the purest for water purity

A

Type 1

Basic Knowledge (6 decks)

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