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Basic Knowledge Flashcards

0
Q

RID membership categories include…

A

Certified, associate, supporting, student, organizational

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1
Q

Interpreters render a message faithfully by…

A

Conveying the content being communicated,

Conveying the spirit in which the content is communicated,

Using the language most readily understood by the consumer

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2
Q

The first evaluation to certify RID interpreters was given in …

A

1972

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3
Q

In 2001 a new RID certification was introduced which was…

A

CDI- Certified Deaf Interpreter

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4
Q

The individual who’s studies eventually lead to the formal recognition of ASL and eventually to professional interpreting was…

A

William Stokoe

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5
Q

Significant Legislative Initiatives which have affected the interpreting profession are…

A

PL 92-142 (special education) and ADA

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6
Q

To interpret between a Deaf an d hearing person in the US an person…

A

Doesn’t necessarily need RID or NAD membership or a specific number of CEUs because some states have no requirements to become an interpreter.

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7
Q

A professional interpreter accepts assignments using his/her discretion with regards to

A

their skill with the languages involved,
the setting in which the assignment takes place,
the consumers involved

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8
Q

The purposes of RID are…

A

interpreter education and maintaining a registry of accredited interpreters

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9
Q

Interpreters engage in activities to further their knowledge and skills such as…

A

pursuing higher educations,
participating in the CMP,
participating in the ACET,
attending workshops

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10
Q

A passing score on the current NIC exam may result in receiving…

A

NIC

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11
Q

When transliterating in a religious setting, the transliterater should preferably

A

be of the same religious conviction as the congregation

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12
Q

Processing time refers to

A

the time it takes between you hearing/seeing the source language until you produce the target language

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13
Q

Dynamic equivalence means

A

the speaker’s goals and level of audience involvement is the same for everyone in the audience

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14
Q

What type of information about a Deaf person would provide you with the most information about how they sign

A

educational experience,
whether their parents are Deaf or hearing
their involvement in the Deaf community

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15
Q

Translation refers to

A

the process of changing a frozen text form of one language to a frozen text form of another language and the changing of material from a written form onto a videotape (signed)

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16
Q

Sign-to-Voice Interpreting

A

watching someone use ASL then interpreting into a spoken voice

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17
Q

The philosophical shifts in the history of Sign Language interpretation in the United States was from

A

helper to machine to communication facilitator to bi-bi

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18
Q

Which philosophical role? Overly involved with the Deaf and hearing clients, often moving out of the role of interpreter to advise direct, teach…

A

helper

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19
Q

Linguistic expansions and reductions occur

A

when the interpreter can manipulate the target language output so it contains all of the essential elements of meaning expressed in the source language and when there is not a word for sign equivalent

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20
Q

In 1972 RID

A

began certifying interpreters

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21
Q

The current national certification exam

A

has 2 parts: written, performance

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22
Q

The name “national Registry of Professional Interpreters and Translator for the Deaf” was changed to

A

Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf

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23
Q

Interpreting a printed copy of The Lord’s Prayer into ASL is referred to as

A

sign translation

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24
Q

Voice-to-Sign interpreting means

A

the source language is a spoken language

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25
Q

If you spoke English as your mother tongue and you are an ASL/English interpreter

A

ASL is your L2

English is your L1

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26
Q

L1

A

a person’s first language

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27
Q

Historically, interpreters tended to…

A

be CODAs

be involved int eh Deaf community through church work

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28
Q

Reasons an American-American Deaf person may use Southern Black signs are

A

attended a residential school that was racially segregated

interacts mainly with other African Americans who use Southern Black Signs

member of an African American Deaf club whose events are rarely attend by people who are not African American

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29
Q

“Lag time” is a term which was used in the interpreting profession to mean…

A

processing time

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30
Q

According to most ITP professors, what “can’t be stressed too much” when referring to the behavior of an interpreter?

A

punctuality and responsibility

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31
Q

Historically, Deaf culture is introduced to a new deaf generation primarily in

A

Residential elementary schools for the Deaf

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32
Q

A person’s first language is referred to as

A

mother tongue,
L1,
native language

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33
Q

What is the best clue that a Deaf audience has failed to comprehend a voice-to-sign interpretation?

A

confused copying of the sign

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34
Q

An example of linguistic expansion or noun listing would be needed if referring to the following English terms

A

fruit, vegetable, weapon,

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35
Q

The RID Code of Professional Conduct

A

functions as a guideline to assist interpreters as they review and evaluate professional decisions

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36
Q

Simultaneous interpretation or transliteration is most appropriate when

A

the interpreter and consumer are familiar with the subject

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37
Q

If an interpreter turns down an assignment because they believe their skills do not match the skills needed for the assignment

A

the interpreter is using their discretion which is encouraged by the RID Code of Professional Conduct

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38
Q

Professional distance is referring to

A

your relationship to the consumer and other interpreters

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39
Q

If a person has asked you to interpret for no pay, as an RID certified interpreter you

A

can choose to accept the assignment and do not need to report the request to RID

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40
Q

If an interpreter accepts an assignment in another state and a different region is is not appropriate to

A

use only the accepted regional signs from the interpreter’s area

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41
Q

ASL transmits information at approximately

A

the same rate as spoken English

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42
Q

Currently there are ____ tenets that make up the RID ode of Professional Conduct

A

7

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43
Q

Cued Speech

A

is a system of organized gestures used to aid in lip-reading

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44
Q

If you see someone signing, combining English grammatical order with conceptually accurate ASL signs and some initialized signs are used, you are probably seeing

A

CASE

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45
Q

If a person what has a hearing loss can communicate on the phone, they should identify themselves as

A

whatever they want

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46
Q

Neutrality of the interpreter

A

is a myth

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47
Q

This organization mas the main objectives to provide information about hearing loss, communication, assistive listening devices, and communication strategies for oral deaf persons

A

HLAA

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48
Q

One of the key differences between interpreters and translators is that

A

the source language message is “permanently available” to translators

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49
Q

the most important way in which interpreting for people who are Deaf/Blind differs from interpreting for people who are Deaf is that with Deaf/Blind people the interpreter

A

needs to include all actual visual information

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50
Q

Consecutive interpretation can successfully used only when

A

all parties agree to use this method

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51
Q

During an interpretation for a large audience, the lighting should

A

come from more than one angle

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52
Q

When an interpreter is subpoenaed as an expert witness in court, the interpreter’s area of expertise is

A

communication issues and cross-cultural mediation

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53
Q

when interpreting for a live television program ,the interpreter should

A

offer to provide assistance regarding interpreter placement

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54
Q

The use of a CDI is most likely when the Deaf consumer

A

uses a sign language unknown to the hearing ASL-English interpreter

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55
Q

A Deaf consumer who facilitates discussion finds it difficult to know when it is appropriate to interject comments. The best way for the interpreter to address this concern is to

A

consult with the Deaf consumer to establish a plan to facilitate participation

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56
Q

The setting in which it is LEAST likely that a Deaf person would be working as an interpreter is

A

in a mainstream classroom

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57
Q

Most content adjustments that interpreters make are

A

linguistic or cultural

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58
Q

When people adjust their language and the way they talk based on whom they are speaking to they are shifting their

A

register

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59
Q

The process of transmitting information from a form of English like signing to spoken English is known as

A

Transliteration

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60
Q

Philosophies underlying the education of Deaf and hard-of-hearing students that support communication in any way possible

A

total communication

61
Q

Universal for of communication

A

mime

62
Q

systems for manually representing English were developed primarily to

A

teach English to Deaf children

63
Q

type of signing that is similar to ASL

A

Pidgin Sign English

64
Q

what is true of an effective transliteration

A

it may incorporate feature of ASL that enhance intelligibility

65
Q

the most effective way for interpreters to present complex material is to

A

interpret in a more consecutive mode

66
Q

the primary reason that Deaf/Blind consumer would use a combination of communication methods is to

A

avoid fatigue

67
Q

What is always true of an effective English-to-sign interpretation

A

it adapts to audience preference

68
Q

Deaf/Blind consumers us what for communication

A

Tadoma Method, Palm writing ,tactile fingerspelling and signing

69
Q

Source Language

A

the language in which the original message was conveyed

70
Q

Interpretation

A

the result of taking the source language message, and producing the message into the target language

71
Q

Processing time

A

used by the interpreter to complete the analysis of the source language and to search for the target language equivalent before producing an equivalent message in the target language

72
Q

Modality

A

the channel through which a message is expressed

73
Q

Sight Translation

A

changing a message from the frozen form of one language into another signed or spoke language

74
Q

Simultaneous Form

A

the process of interpreting into the target language at the same time the source language message is being delivered

75
Q

Translations

A

changing a message from the frozen form of one language into the frozen from of another language

76
Q

Linguistic feature that is found in ASL but not in English

A

Object Verb agreement

77
Q

One protection from malpractice suits resulting from misinterpretations that are available to interpreters is

A

Liability insurance

78
Q

Most spoken language interpreters find it easier to interpret from their

A

B language into their A language

79
Q

The primary reason hearing people have difficulty becoming fluent in ASL is that

A

it is difficult to gain sufficient exposure to Deaf people who use ASL

80
Q

The most values in a low-context culture is

A

individuality

81
Q

Dynamics of hearing/Deaf cross-cultural interactions are

A

low context/ high context,
Individualist oriented/ collectivist oriented
progress oriented/ tradition oriented

82
Q

what has been show to correlate most highly with the rate of occurrence of interpretation miscues

A

processing time

83
Q

The use of hand shapes to represent manner and place of articulation in order to reduce ambiguities in speech reading is known as

A

cued speech

84
Q

to sociolinguists the intimate register of discourse is characterized by

A

reliance on information that is left implicit

85
Q

In interpreting complex concepts into ASL what is the most helpful

A

visualization

86
Q

The use of two languages or two varieties of the same language in a community in which one has a higher status that the other is known as

A

Diglossia

87
Q

Since Deaf people tend to share knowledge and experiences that may be unfamiliar to a hearing audience, the interpreter working from ASL to English should

A

present a meaningful interpretation of culture- specific material

88
Q

Sign Language transliterators generally give the least consideration to

A

regional dialects

89
Q

An English work that approximates the most common meaning of an ASL sign is know as

A

Gloss

90
Q

What is one linguistic feature that is found in English but not is ASL

A

Gender distinctions in pronouns

91
Q

According to RID, a certified interpreter can lose certification by

A

failing to pay current national dues,
failing to complete the CMP,
violating ethical standards

92
Q

According to Harlan Lane, ASL may be more efficient that English for tasks involving

A

Spatial descriptions

93
Q

Clients of “consumers” of interpreters’ services are

A

d/Deaf people, hearing people, educators

94
Q

Interpreters generally wear solid colored clothing that contrasts with their skin color because

A

it provides a suitable background so that signs can be seen better

95
Q

RID had it’s official start at Ball State Teachers College in Muncie Indiana in

A

1964

96
Q

Education of the Deaf Act of 1986

A

led to recommendations for improving the quality of education for students with hearing loss

97
Q

Americans with Debilitates Act of 1990

A

prohibited discrimination for individuals who have disabilities and defined a “qualified interpreter as one who is able to interpret effectively, accurately, and impartially, both receptively and expressively, using any necessary specialized vocabulary”

98
Q

Federal Bilingual Education Act (1986/2002)

A

provided that children of “limited English proficiency” be taught in their native language by teachers who are sensitive to their cultural heritage

99
Q

Public Law 94-142

A

“to assure that all children with disabilities have available to them … a free appropriate public education which emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs

to assure that the rights of children with disabilities and their parents … are protected

to assist States and localities to provide for the education of all children with disabilities

to assess and assure the effectiveness of efforts to educate all children with disabilities”
100
Q

when interpreters work in higher education setting they will deal with

A

more technology and new vocabulary that they have to learn

101
Q

interpreters as language teachers/models should incorporate __________ when interpreting in a primary school setting?

A

repetition

102
Q

Major courses are

A

designed to satisfy the student’s need for a degree that leads to a job, profession, career, or entry into a higher degree program

103
Q

what is the most valued int eh Deaf community

A

reciprocity

104
Q

While transliterating one should base their communication decisions on

A

clarity, sometimes you may have to revert to ASl to make the message clear

105
Q

It may be harder for an immigrant or refugee child to learn a signed language because

A

the family may be struggling as it is to piece together a new life an may ignore the deaf child,
often in third world countries, the inability to speak is associated with an inability to learn,
the family may end up in a new country, via many other countries, and the child is exposed to so many new languages that it is simply too overwhelming

106
Q

because over 90% of teacher of the Deaf are while…

A

Deaf students or color may find it difficult to make cultural connections with their teacher,
teachers expect greater achievement from their white students and underestimate the performance of minority students,
Some African American teachers of the Deaf established a separate school in the late 1990’s for Deaf children of color to ensure equal representation

107
Q

The primary goal for transliterating is

A

to use an English based signed language and to have the message make sense to the consumer

108
Q

Transliterating is

A

conveying information between a spoken and signed form of English

109
Q

most ITPs teach which registers

A

intimate, consultative, and formal

110
Q

In the early history of the North American Deaf Community where was the only known concentration of deaf/hearing living together?

A

Maratha’s Vineyard

111
Q

The most common form of communication used in educational settings are

A

PSE and both SEE 1 and SEE 2

112
Q

What percentage of ITP graduates are working in educational settings

A

75%

113
Q

The Bilingual Education Act, which does not include ASL, states children are best educated in their most fluent language was established in what year?

A

1968

114
Q

In 1989 RID began to offer two certifications. What were these?

A

CI and CT

115
Q

ASL incorporates

A

classifies, Rhetorical questions, non-manual negation

116
Q

When was the first permanent school for the Deaf established in the US

A

1817 Hartford Conn

117
Q

A job description for an Educational interpreter should include

A

job title, responsibilities, and supervisor

118
Q

Characteristics of Oppressor People include

A

Desire for approval and gratitude from the oppressed

119
Q

Team interpreting should take place in

A

classes where the lecture or discussion is fast paced,
classes that extend beyond 50-60 minutes,
classes where content is particularly complicated or cognitively challenging

120
Q

Who was “the most feared enemy of the Deaf”

A

Alexander Graham Bell

121
Q

In high school settings curriculum differentiation typically refers to

A

the curriculum differences created for college-bound or vocationally-bound students

122
Q

what year did the Deaf President Now revolution take place

A

1988

123
Q

David Anthony created a sign system to represent English around 1966 called

A

Seeing Essential English

124
Q

According to “Transliterating: Show me the English” a transliterater should keep in mind four goals including

A

deliver the message based on English grammatical order,
use signs based on ASL usage not on English gloss,
maintain the meaning and the intent of the original English

125
Q

the prerequisites for developing the skill of transliterating are

A

a good command of the English language,
a good command of ASL,
appropriate understanding and usage of grammar and vocabulary of both languages

126
Q

Register refers to

A

the variations within all languages which mark the formality or informality of an interaction

127
Q

Deaf Culture is considered

A

high context culture

128
Q

the role of fingerspelling in the primary grades is

A

bound to the development level of the child,
to help connect the spoken English with the written English,
to convey to the child that a lexical item can be represented by at least two symbols,
to help facilitate English phonetic skills

129
Q

At the 1880 Congress of Milan

A

Sign language was denounced and oral speech was viewed as superior,
pure oral method was preferred,
Declaration that simultaneous use of sign and speech injures speech acquisition

130
Q

In high context culture, information

A

flows rapidly and is freely shared

131
Q

Cultural misunderstandings in interpreted settings can be divided into two categories

A

stem from variations in form and comes from surprises in content

132
Q

Paralinguistics is frequently characterized as the study of

A

the way something is said as opposed to what is said

133
Q

Name signs fall into two categories

A

descriptive and arbitrary

134
Q

Interpreting in a secondary education setting, the differences between Deaf or hard of hearing students

A

will require flexibility on the part of the interpreter and is equal to the differences found among the hearing students

135
Q

In a school setting the acronym IEP stands for

A

Individualized Education Plan

136
Q

According to a 2003 RID membership survey the average interpreter is

A

a female employed in some type of educational setting

137
Q

A competent interpreter or transliterater should

A

be able to monitor their own behavior and revise as appropriate,
be committed to successful and effective communication, be able to select the best behavior for a given situation and perform it skillfully,
have a wide repertoire of culture an d communication behaviors with which to respond to various social interactions

138
Q

1972

A

the first evaluation to certify RID interpreters was given

139
Q

2001

A

Rid certification was introduced for CDIs

140
Q

According to The Professional SLI handbook before offering their services int eh community “pro bono” an interpreter should

A

explore their heart, conscience, values and spirit then make a decision to accept or decline the assignment

141
Q

When certified through RID a person must take Continuing Education units through

A

Certification Maintenance Program

142
Q

The English word “reliable” can be divided into the following morphemes

A

re li able

143
Q

register

A

identifiable variations within all languages which mark the formality or informality of an interaction

144
Q

An example of reciprocity in the Deaf community might include

A

inviting your Deaf friends to help you move your new piano or assisting your Deaf friend with painting their living room

145
Q

The signs in ASL which are called classifiers generally functions as

A

pronouns because they represent a particular group of nouns and adjectives because they describe their size, shape, depth, and texture of something

146
Q

When interpreting in a graduate school setting, in addition to having an adequate level of interpreting skill, the interpreter should also have

A

knowledge and experience with the course content

147
Q

According to So You Want To Be an interpreter, C-Sign is compared to

A

Spoken Tex-Mex

148
Q

What is the difference in the minimal pair typically glossed in English as RED and SWEET

A

Handshape

149
Q

Prosody

A

the rhythm of a language including stress inflection, intonation, pausing, and phrasing

NIC Written (6 decks)

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