BASIC JOINT-2

Question 1

WHAT is a (SPRAIN) to a JOINT and what is THE RESULT of that (SPRAIN)? + What are COMMON JOINTS that are AFFECTED by a (SPRAIN)?

Answer 1

(Definition): ligaments of a joint are torn or stretched; there is no dislocation.
COMMON JOINTS AFFECTED:
- (Ankle) and (knee) sprains are common injuries, both for professional and ‘weekend’ athletes.
- The (lower back) is another frequent location of sprains.
(INSERT DIAGRAMS HERE)

Question 2

WHAT is a (STRAIN) to a JOINT and what is THE RESULT of that (STRAIN)? + What are COMMON JOINTS that are AFFECTED by a (STRAIN)?

Answer 2

(Definition): muscle or a tendon is torn, partially torn, or stretched.
COMMON JOINTS AFFECTED:
- A notorious sports injury is a damaged or torn (ROTATOR CUFF) usually of the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle of the (SHOULDER) (primarily in baseball pitchers and tennis players, i.e., sports with overhead arm movements).
An occupation involving (OVERHEAD ARM) MOVEMENTS may also DAMAGE the (ROTATOR CUFF) (e.g., painters and carpenters).
(INSERT IMAGE/ DIAGRAM HERE)

Question 3

WHAT is a (DISLOCATION) to a JOINT and what is THE RESULT of that (DISLOCATION)? + What are COMMON JOINTS that are AFFECTED by a (DISLOCATION)?

Answer 3

(Definition):- Bones do not break, but are forced out of alignment at the joint.

COMMON JOINTS AFFECTED:
- Results in damage to (LIGAMENTS), (TENDONS), AND (ARTICULAR CAPSULES).
- (MINOR) EFFECTS OF THIS MAY BE to- fingers or toes which may resolve quickly if the BONES are QUICKLY put BACK in PROPER ALIGNMENT
-(MAJOR) EFFECTS OF THIS MAY BE to: (SHOULDERS), OR (ELBOWS) which those injuries MAY NEED MEDICAL ATTENTION.
(INSERT ELBOW IMAGE HERE) (INSERT SHOULDER DIAGRAM HERE)

Question 4

WHAT IS (ARTHRITIS) and WHAT are the (3) TYPES of (CHRONIC FORMS) of (ARTHRITIS)?

Answer 4

(Definition): A generic term meaning disorders of joints.
What the (3) (CHRONIC FORMS) are:
1.)- (INFLAMMATORY) 2.)-(DEGENERATIVE)
3.)-(METABOLIC)

Question 5

WHAT IS (INFLAMMATORY/-	RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ) and WHAT are the 
(4 STAGES) of it?

Answer 5

(Definition): An autoimmune condition that progresses in stages:
STAGE #1: inflammation of the synovial membrane
STAGE #2: pannus formation (a thickening of the membrane), cartilage is damaged
STAGE #3: scar tissue forms
STAGE #4: scar tissue ossifies, immobilizing the joint
(INSERT IMAGE HERE)

Question 6

WHAT is -(DEGENERATIVE/– OSTEOARTHRITIS ARTHRITIS) and WHAT HAPPENS DURING IT?

Answer 6

(Definition): It the MOST COMMON TYPE of arthritis. It is a PROGRESSIVE disorder, usually of the LARGE weight-bearing joints
WHICH ARE: (knees,
hips, lumbar spine).
-ALSO, – The articular cartilage DETERIORATES and bone spurs form, RESTRICTING MOVEMENTS , although the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE typically remains INTACT

Question 7

WHAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH the PROCESS of (JOINT REPLACEMENTS)?

Answer 7

During this process:
- Damage is caused to the JOINTS by (RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS) and (OSTEOARTHRITIS), as well as battlefield injuries, which makes REPLACING JOINTS desirable in many patients.
- (ARTIFICIAL JOINTS)- (and limbs) are called PROSTHESES.
-HIP and KNEE REPLACEMENTS are the most common; other LESS COMMON REPLACEMENTS include shoulder, elbow, and finger joints may also be replaced.
(INSERT HIP PROSTHETIC IMAGE)
(INSERT TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT IMAGE)

Question 8

WHAT i(METABOLIC/GOUTY ARTHRITIS ) and WHAT HAPPENS DURING IT?

Answer 8

• IT IS CAUSED BY: HYPERURICEMIA, or EXCESSIVE URIC ACID in the BLOOD DUE to HYPOEXCRETION of URIC ACID by the KIDNEYS
• It is ALSO a GENETIC PRE-DISPOSITION to the disease, as well as DIET CHOICES MAY BE RISK FACTORS (foods rich in purine, e.g, liver, seafood)
• AFFECTS MOSTLY:
  (MEN)- who are MID AGED or ELDERLY and
  (WOMEN)- AFTER they GO THROUGH (MENOPAUSE)
  -MOST COMMON ON the (TERMINAL JOINTS) of the HANDS AND FEET, ESPECIALLY the (BIG TOE).
  (INSERT FOOT DIAGRAM HERE)

Question 9

WHAT IS (LYME DISEASE) and COMMONLY APPEAR when SOMEONE HAS (LYME DISEASE)?

Answer 9

(Definition): (CAUSED BY)-
BACTERIA that is (transmitted) by TICKS that live on (mice, rabbits, and deers). (INSERT TICK ID CARD HERE)
- SYMPTOMS: a RASH CALLED (BULL’S EYE RASH) appears on MOSTLY someone’s ARM.

Question 10

WHAT IS (ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS) and WHAT DOES SOMEONE WHO HAS IT (EXPERIENCE)?

Answer 10

(Definition):
- An (INFLAMMATORY DISEASE) (SIMILAR) to to (rheumatoid arthritis), that AFFECTS the (sacroiliac) and (intervertebral) JOINTS.
- (EXPERIENCE):
It is a (PROGRESSIVE and DELIBERATING) DISEASE that EVENTUALLY RESULTS in (LUMBAR VERTEBRAE)
(INSERT DIAGRAMS HERE)

Question 11

WHAT is (BURSITIS)?

Answer 11

(Definition): (INFLAMMATION) of a bursa, a sac of (synovial fluid) that LIES BETWEEN a (bone end) and an (overlying tendon).
(INSERT DIAGRAM HERE

Question 12

WHAT is (TENDONITIS ) and HOW does this happen to someone?

Answer 12

(Definition): (INFLAMMATION) of a TENDON or TENDON SHEATH, of a SAC of (synovial fluid) that WRAPS AROUND a (TENDON)
(CAUSED BY):
(REPETITIVE) usage
- (COMMONLY OCCURS in): .(shoulders, elbows, wrists and knees).
(INSERT JONES 5TH DIAGRAM HERE)