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EP - Tere > Basic Info and Skeletal System > Flashcards

Basic Info and Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Kinesiology

A

the study of movement

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2
Q

What fields get brought together and relates them to human movement?

A

anatomy, physiology, physics, and geometry

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3
Q

Biomechanics

A

mechanical principles that relate directly to the human body

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4
Q

What happens during Static Systems (stretching)?

A

nonmoving/stationary

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5
Q

What happens during Dynamic Systems (stretching)?

A

moving

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6
Q

What is Fundamental Position?

A

person’s posture - normal stance, different for everybody

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7
Q

Anatomical Position

A

standing face forward with palms facing up

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8
Q

Anterior

A

toward the front of the body

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9
Q

Posterior

A

toward the back of the body

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10
Q

Midline

A

an imaginary line that runs vertically through the center of the body

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11
Q

Medial

A

toward the middle of the body

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12
Q

Lateral

A

away from the midline of the body

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13
Q

Superior

A

above, toward the head

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14
Q

Inferior

A

below, or toward the feet

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15
Q

Proximal

A

closer to, or toward the torso - pertains to an extremity

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16
Q

Distal

A

away from the torso - pertains to an extremity

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17
Q

Cephalic

A

toward the head

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18
Q

Caudal

A

toward the feet (or “tail”)

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19
Q

Superficial

A

toward the surface (skin) of the body

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20
Q

Deep

A

toward the inside (core) of the body

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21
Q

Origin

A

the proximal attachment of a muscle or ligament

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22
Q

Insertion

A

the distal attachment of a muscle or ligament

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23
Q

Prone

A

lying face down

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24
Q

Supine

A

lying face up

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25
Q

Bilateral

A

tow, or both sides

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26
Q

Contralateral

A

opposite side (divides body into left or right sides)

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27
Q

Ipsilateral

A

same side of the body (divides body into left or right sides)

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28
Q

The nose is ______ to the mouth

A

superior

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29
Q

The knee is ______ to the hip

A

distal

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30
Q

The umbilicus is ______ to the low back

A

anterior

31
Q

The thumb is ______ to the ring finger

A

lateral

32
Q

Muscle is ______ to skin

A

deep

33
Q

The third toe is ______ to the great toe

A

lateral

34
Q

The elbow is ______ to the wrist

A

distal

35
Q

Osteokinematics

A

the movement of bones around a joint axis

36
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

the movement of a joint

37
Q

Flexion

A

bending movement; decreasing joint angle

38
Q

Extension

A

straightening movement; increasing joint angle

39
Q

Hyperextension

A

continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position

40
Q

Plantarflexion

A

ankle flexion, pointing the points (motion at the ankle)

41
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

ankle extension, pointing toes towards the head (motion at the ankle)

42
Q

Abduction

A

movement away from the midline of the body

43
Q

Adduction

A

movement toward the midline of the body

44
Q

Horizontal Abduction

A

shoulder joint abducted to 90 degrees and then moved backward

45
Q

Horizontal Adduction

A

shoulder is adducted from 90 degrees toward the front of the body

46
Q

Radial Deviation

A

hand moves laterally toward the thumb line

47
Q

Ulnar Deviation

A

hand moves medially toward the little finger side of the wrist

48
Q

Internal Rotation

A

anterior surface moves inward toward the midline

49
Q

External Rotation

A

anterior surface moves outward away from the midline

50
Q

Supination

A

palm faces forward or anteriorly

51
Q

Pronation

A

palm is facing backward or posteriorly

52
Q

Inversion

A

moving sole of the foot inward at ankle

53
Q

Eversion

A

moving sole of the foot outward

54
Q

Protraction

A

scapula moves away from the midline

55
Q

Retraction

A

scapula moves toward midline

56
Q

What are 5 functions of the skeleton?

A
  1. gives support and shape to the body
  2. protects vital organs (brain, SC, heart)
  3. assists in movement by providing a rigid structure for muscle attachment and leverage
  4. manufactures blood cells, (main sites - ilium, vertebrae, sternum, and ribs)
  5. stores calcium and other minerals
57
Q

Describe/Location Axial Skeleton

A

forms upright part of the body - skull, vertebrae, manubrium, sternum, xiphoid, sacrum, coccyx, ribs 1-12

58
Q

Describe/Location Appendicular Skeleton

A

attaches to the axial skeleton
- Os coxae - ilium, ischium, pubis,) femur, patella, tibia, fibula, talus, calcaneus, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
- clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

59
Q

Describe Compact Bone

A
  1. makes up a hard dense outer shell and completely covers bone
    - a. tends to be thick along the shaft and thin at the ends of long bones
    - b. thick in plates of the flat bones of the skull
60
Q

Describe Cancellous Bone (spongy bone)

A

porous and spongy inside portion
- a. called the trabeculae
– arranged in a pattern that resists local stresses and strains
– filled with marrow
– make bone lighter
- b. makes up most of articular ends of bones

61
Q

11 Examples of Long Bone (longer than they are wide)

A
  1. clavicle
  2. humerus
  3. radius
  4. ulna
  5. metacarpals
  6. phalanges (fingers)
  7. femur
  8. tibia
  9. fibula
  10. metatarsals
  11. phalanges (toes)
62
Q

2 Examples of Short Bones (equal height, length, width - only in wrist and ankle)

A
  1. carpals
  2. tarsals
63
Q

2 examples of Flat Bones (two layers of compact bone with spongy bone between them. Serve protective functions; flat bones of the cranium protect the brain)

A
  1. ilium (in pelvis)
  2. scapula
64
Q

2 examples of Irregular Bones (short bone embedded in a tendon or joint capsule. Protect the tendons from excessive wear and often change the angle from which the tendons pass to their attachments)

A
  1. patella
  2. sesamoid bones (2)
65
Q

Every long bone has ______

A

epiphysis

66
Q

Where is epiphysis found?

A

at the end of every long bone

67
Q

In adults, epiphysis is ______

A

calcified (bone-like)

68
Q

In growing bones (kids) epiphysis is ______ material
a. known as ____ ____
b. ______ growth

A
  • cartilaginous
    a. epiphyseal plate
    b. longitudinal
69
Q

How do you objectively know that bone has stopped growing?

A

X-ray child’s bone/joint to ensure growing stopped

70
Q

Pressure Epiphysis

A

relates to growth of long bones and are found at the ends of long bones

71
Q

Traction Epiphysis (Apophysis)

A

located at the attachment of certain tendons of bones

72
Q

Example of Traction Epiphysis

A

tibial tuberosity: bump right below patella, quads attach, quads pull on this bone when leg/knee extend

73
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

bone grows in response to the stresses/loads placed on it

EP - Tere (3 decks)

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