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EP - Tere > Articular System > Flashcards

Articular System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of a joint

A

connects 2 bones

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2
Q

functions of the joint (4)

A
  1. allow motion (pivot point)
  2. bare weight
  3. provide stability
  4. contains synovial fluid
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3
Q

define synovial joint

A

has no direct contact between bone ends. it is a cavity filled with synovial fluid within a sleeve-like capsule

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4
Q

define the stratum fibrosum

A

outer layer of capsule - supports and protects the joint

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5
Q

define the stratum synovium structure

A

inner layer of capsule - lined with synovial membrane made up of thick, vascular tissue

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6
Q

what is the main function of the stratum synovium

A

secret synovial fluid

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7
Q

articular surface for the stratum synovium

A

very smooth and covered with hyaline cartilage or articular cartilage

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8
Q

what is another name for the nonaxial joint

A

plane joint

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9
Q

what is the movement of the nonaxial joint

A

linear

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10
Q

how are the joint surface that glide over one another in the nonaxial joint

A

flat

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11
Q

when can movement not occur in the nonaxial joint

A

alone, it occurs secondary to other motions

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12
Q

example of nonaxial joint

A

carpals

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13
Q

what type of motion occurs in the uniaxial joint

A

angular motion occurring in one plane around one axis

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14
Q

3 examples of uniaxial joint

A

hinge joint - elbow, knee, phalanges

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15
Q

example of pivotal joint

A

radial-ulnar; proximal/distal - forearm only does supination & pronation

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16
Q

when does motion occur in biaxial joint

A

motion occurs in two different directions

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17
Q

3 examples and motions of biaxial joints

A

wrist: flexion/extension, deviation
MCP/MTP joints: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction

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18
Q

where does motion occur in triaxial joints

A

all three axes (ball and socket joint)

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19
Q

2 examples of triaxial joints

A

shoulder & hip: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation

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20
Q

uniaxial degree of freedom

A

1

21
Q

biaxial degree of freedom

A

2

22
Q

triaxial degree of freedom

A

3

23
Q

what are the fibrous bands of ligaments made of

A

connective tissue

24
Q

what do ligaments do

A

connect bone to bone

25
Q

what do ligaments provide attachment for

A
  • cartilage
  • fascia
  • muscles
26
Q

ligaments are not elastic, they are ______

A

flexible/bendy

27
Q

flexibility is needed to allow ligaments to ______ ______

A

joint motion

28
Q

non-elasticity is needed to keep ______ close and provide ______ to the joint

A

bones, approximation

29
Q

what are 4 other jobs of the ligaments

A
  • high tensile strength
  • minimal blood supply
  • prolonged immobilization leads to weakness in ligaments
  • define a capsular ligament: surrounds a joint
30
Q

what does a capsule do to the joint

A

surrounds and encases

31
Q

what does the capsule do to the articular surfaces of the bones

A

protects

32
Q

the synovial membrane lines the ______ layer of the joint capsule

A

inner

33
Q

does the synovial membrane have a blood supply?

A

yes

34
Q

the synovial membrane secretes ______ ______

A

synovial fluid

35
Q

characteristics of synovial fluid

A

thick, clear fluid

36
Q

four functions of synovial fluid

A
  1. lubricates articular cartilage
  2. reduces friction
  3. shock absorption
  4. source of nutrition
    all of this is how cartilage stays healthy
37
Q

what other name is hyaline cartilage known as?

A

articular cartilage

38
Q

where is hyaline cartilage located?

A

in all synovial joints

39
Q

what does hyaline cartilage cover?

A

ends of opposing bones

40
Q

does hyaline cartilage have a blood or nerve supply?

A

no

41
Q

what is hyaline cartilage nourished by?

A

synovial fluid

42
Q

what happens to hyaline cartilage if it is damaged?

A

it cannot repair itself

43
Q

how is nutrition enhanced in hyaline cartilage?

A

enhanced by joint motion

44
Q

what are two other names for fibrocartilage?

A

menisci or discs

45
Q

what are the functions of fibrocartilage?

A

acts as a shock absorber, has poor blood supply

46
Q

the labrum acts as fibrocartilage to which part of the body?

A

shoulder

47
Q

what is the function of the labrum?

A

deepen the glenoid fossa

48
Q

what are two functions of fat pads and where are they located?

A
  • thickens the joint capsule
  • takes up space in the joint
  • located between the capsule and the synovial membrane
49
Q

what is an example of fat pads?

A

knee

EP - Tere (3 decks)

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