Basic ideas about semantic

Question 1

Semantic def

Answer 1

The study of MEANING in LANGUAGE

Question 2

Lewis Caroll the nature of meaning

Answer 2

the meaning carried by words may be affected by a speaker’s will

Question 3

Speaker meaning

Answer 3

what speaker means when he uses a piece of language (= what he intends to convey)

opening the window = it’s cold in here

Question 4

Sentence meaning / word meaning

Answer 4

what a sentence or a word means, ie, what it counts as the equivalent of in the language concerned

it’s clold in here = it’s cold in here

Question 5

Pragmatic vs Semantic

Answer 5

Pragmatic = meaning of the speaker
Semantic = meaning of the sentence

Question 6

Meaningfulness
vs
Informativeness

Answer 6

Informativeness : sentences in order to give informations

Meaningfulness : sentences to keep the social wheels turning smoothly, being polite..

Question 7

Sarcasm

Answer 7

trying to express an idea in an indirect way, usually a criticism or complaint.

Sarcasm : has an intentionally negative orientation =

Question 8

The cooperative principle Grace ;

Answer 8

when people talk to each other they assume that their conv = mutual effort to attain some kind of mutual understanding : relevance, manner

Question 9

Pragmatic

Answer 9

speaker meaning

Question 10

Native speaker

Answer 10

best source of info, most capable of using the language
Even Though native speaker may be able to use language effectively that doesn’t mean they’re able to provide a clear def of

Question 11

Native speaker

Answer 11

→ native speakers are the PRIMARY SOURCE O INFORMATION ABOUT MEANING.
→ The meaning of words & sentences in a language can sefely be taken as known to competent speakers of the language

Question 12

Prescriptive and descriptive linguistic

Answer 12

Prescriptive : what children go through when native language
= do it this way
Double negation in france : je n’ai pas de temps = how language shoudl work BUT most speaker actually don’t

Describe : look at the way people are really speaking and analyse it

Question 13

Theory

Answer 13

describe how sth works
Any example can be explained by that theory

→ a precisely specified, cheren, and economical framework of interdependent statements and definitions, consructed so that a large number as possible of particular basis facts can either be seen to follow from it or be describable in terms of it

Question 14

Semantic theory

Answer 14

deals with semantic facts
→ try to move from particular facts to generalizations, i.e, statements about whole classes of items