basic english lessons Flashcards
names of a person, place, thing, time, and action
noun
touchable and visible (i.e. ballpen and camera)
concrete nouns
ideas/thoughts/concepts (i.e. hate, anger, sadness)
abstract nouns
class of a noun (i.e. doctor, city, ball)
common noun
specific name (i.e. SMCC, SC, Canon, Sony)
proper noun
refers to one thing
singular noun
refers to multiple things
plural noun
noun with two or more words (i.e. train-spotting)
compound nouns
introduces questions (5W and H)
interrogative pronouns
points out something (these, those, that, this)
demonstrative pronouns
does not point out something in specific
indefinite pronouns
connects a group of words to another idea
relative pronouns
expresses an action
verb
how?
adverb of manner
where?
adverb of place
how often?
adverb of frequency
how much?
adverb of degree
asks a question
interrogative adverb
the manner of the verb that is being used
mood
states a fact
indicative mood
gives a command
imperative mood
making a condition, wish, or if-then statement
subjunctive mood
gives a description to a noun or pronoun
adjective
some, much, little, all, half, etc (for uncountable nouns)
adjective of quantity
many, most, few, two, etc (for countable nouns)
adjective of numerals
tells a number or quantity
limiting adjectives
describes or gives meaning
descriptive adjective
word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another word in the sentence (by, with, about, until, etc)
preposition
joins words, phrases, or clauses (and, while, but, or, because, etc)
conjunction
for, and, nor, but, or, yet (FANBOY)
coordinating conjunctions
that, because
subordinating conjunctions
not only, whether…. or, neither… nor, etc (pairs of conjunctions)
correlating conjunctions
group of words that has a subject and a predicate
clauses
part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject
predicate
completes the description or message expressed by a linking verb
complement
determines if the subject is doing or receiving the verb
voice
(subject doer) Jessica edited the video yesterday.
active voice
(subject receiver) The video was edited by Jessica yesterday.
passive voice
expresses a complete thought
sentence
incomplete thought
sentence fragment
declares or makes a statement and ends with a period
declarative sentence
asks a question and ends with a question mark
interrogative sentence
provides a command and ends with a period
imperative sentence
conveys a strong emotion and ends with an exclamation point
exclamatory sentence
thoughts with implied or non-literal meanings or definitions
figures of speech
repetition of initial consonant sound
alliteration
repetition of the same word
anaphora
contrasting ideas
antithesis
addressing a non-existent or non-living thing
apostrophe
repetition of vowel sound
assonance
exaggeration
hyperbole
opposite meaning
irony
affirmative expressed by the negative of the opposite
litotes
comparison of non-similar objects
metaphor
uses like and as for comparison
simile
substitution of word by another word closely associated
metonymy
formulation of words to form a sound
onomatopoeia
acceptable premises that lead to contradiction
paradox
gives human traits to non-human objects
personification
part is used as a whole
synecdoche
process or permanent condition • (verb + es/s)
present tense
happened already • (verb + ed/d)
past tense
will happen in future time • (will + base verb/is/am + base verb)
future tense
already happened • (has/have + past participle)
present perfect
cause and effect is present • (had + past participle)
past perfect
two events about to happen • (am/is/are + going to have + past participle)
future perfect
currently happening • (am/is/are + present participle)
present progressive
before happening in the past time • (was/were + present participle)
past progressive
will happen at a given time • (is/are/am + going to be + present participle)
future progressive
