Basic Elements Of Applied Behavior Analysis Flashcards
Surrogate CAO
Acquire the properties of an AO through contingent pairing with UAOs in much the same way that stimuli become S’s through pairing
Transitive CAO
Decrease the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer and abate behavior which is maintained by the reinforcer whose value has been lowered
Transitive CEO
An event that establishes another stimulus as a necessary condition to complete the response that the first event evokes, and thus establishes that second sinuous as a reinforcer
Reflexive CEO
Establishes its own termination as an effective form of negative reinforcement or punishment
Reflexive CAO
Abolishes it’s own termination as an effective form of negative reinforcement or punishment
Threat reflexive CEO
And EO for negative reinforcement; evokes avoidance behavior and evokes behavior that has resulted in its own termination in the past
Threat reflexive CAO
An AO for negative reinforcement; abates avoidance behavior and abated behavior that has resulted in its own termination in the past
Promise reflexive CEO
An EO for negative punishment; abates behavior that has resulted in its own termination in the past
Promise reflexive CAO
An AO for negative punishment; evokes behavior that has resulted in its own termination in the past
Life changes that represent a persons aspirations, dreams, and broad preferences
Outcomes
Target behavior
Any defined, observable, and measurable behavior which is the focus of assessment, analysis, and intervention
Types of problems with behavior
Skill deficits, problems with strength of behavior, problems with performance, problems with stimulus control, problems with generality, behavior excesses
Reasons for selecting target behavior
Helps individuals achieve outcomes, behavior deficit makes the person too dependent on others, behavior is harmful, dangerous or illegal, behavior is controlled by meds or restraints, behavior excludes individual from social situations, behavior interferes with independent functioning
Social validity
The treatment goals and the achieved outcomes are acceptable, socially relevant, and useful to the individual receiving services and to those who care about the individual
Good response definition
Objective, clear, complete
Preliminary assessment
Practitioner gathers basic information about the case, determines if behavioral services are appropriate, and if he is the appropriate provider for those services
Steps of preliminary assessment
Determine who has authority to give consent; determine whether or not you have the permission, skills, time, and resources to begin assessment; complete intake paperwork; review records and available data; meet client and begin observations; document
Surrogate CEO
Acquire properties of an EO through contingent pairing with UEOs in much the same way that stimuli become S’s through pairing
Data
The quantitative results of deliberate, planned, and usually controlled observation
Continuous response measures
Directly measure a dimensional quantity of behavior, direct
Discontinuous response measures
Do not measure behavior directly, indirect
Estimating IRT
When given the rate, provided that the variability is not too great, or that there are no outliers
Percent occurrence
Similar to even recording of a restricted or discriminated operant which has been converted into a percent
Trials to criterion
The number of consecutive opportunities to respond required to achieve performance standard.
Discrete categorization
A method for classifying responses into discrete categories
Partial interval recording
A discontinuous response measure in which a recording session is broken into short intervals of time; occurrence is recorded if a response happens during any part of the interval
Whole interval recording
A discontinuous response measure in which a recording session is broken into short intervals of time; occurrence is recorded if the behavior occurs for the whole interval
Momentary time sampling
A discontinuous response measure in which a response is recorded as occurring only if it occurs at the point in time in which an interval ends
PLACHECK
A group of individuals is observed at the end of an interval. Count how many of individuals are engaging in the target behavior. Compare with the total number of individuals. Percent of individuals engaging in behavior
Factors to consider when selecting a response measure
The dimensional quantity of interest. The estimated rate of the behavior. Whether to measure responses or episodes
Permanent products
Measuring the results of behavior
Reliability
The consistency of measurement
Interobserver agreement
The coefficient of agreement between two or more independent observers. Usually calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of agreements by the total number of agreements plus disagreements, then multiplying by 100
Uses for IOA
Competence of new observers, detecting observer drift, validate collection methods, increase confidence that interventions are responsible for behavior change
IV integrity
The degree to which an intervention is implemented as described
Mean count per interval
Total agreement in each interval divided by number of intervals
Exact count per interval
Number of intervals with 100% agreement divided by number of intervals
IOA should be at or above
80%
Visual data analysis
Systematic form of data examination, characterized by visual inspection of graphical displays of those data
Types of data display
Embedded in text, represented in summary form as a table, graphical form
Graphic displays used in ABA
Equal interval line graph, cumulative records, bar graph, semilogarithmic graphs
Abscissa
X or horizontal axis
Ordinate
Y or vertical axis
Phase changes
Major changes occur in the independent variable
Condition change lines
Minor changes occur in the independent variable, usually temporary
Visual analysis of the graph
Level, variability, trend, number of data points
Level
The mean value of a set of data points
Trend
The overall direction taken by the data path through a set of data points
Variability
Extent to which measures of behavior under the same environmental conditions diverge from one another
Median level
Outline data points skew the level line in a way that makes it not representative of the data set as a whole
Trend lines
The direction and degree of trend in a series of graphically displayed data points can be visually represented with a straight line drawn through the data
Best fit line
Bisect the data, with close to an equal number of data points above the line as below the line
Split middle line of progress
A mathematical way to calculate trend
