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MS2 exam1 > basic EKG and arrhythmia treatment > Flashcards

basic EKG and arrhythmia treatment Flashcards

1
Q

inherent rates

A

SA node: 60-100 (full electricity)
AV node: 40-60 (generator)
Ventricles: 20-40 (candles)

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2
Q

polarization

A

“ready” or resting state

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3
Q

depolarization

A

“firing” state or contraction

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4
Q

repolarization

A

return to “rest”

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5
Q

impulse formation: cardiac cells

A

2 types:
Myocardial cells: cause muscle to contract
Pacemaker cells: specialized cells of the conduction system which generate and conduct the electrical impulses (generate electrical pulses to tell myocardial cells to contract)

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6
Q

lead II

A

best for learning EKG

all strips we learned are lead II

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7
Q

12 lead EKG is used for

A

diagnosis

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8
Q

telemetry monitoring

A

-ability to watch a prsons heart rate and rhythm from a distance
-assists in rapidly diagnosing dysrhythmias, ischemia, and infarction
-Two types: central monitoring (observes groups of pts)
storage monitoring (detection and storage of data that is retrieved later)

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9
Q

EKG paper

A 
horizontal= time
vertical=voltage
one small box=0.04 secs and 1mm
one large box is 0.2 secs and 5mm
5 large boxes= 1 sec
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10
Q

irregular rhythms

A

have to cheat to get rate

for every 6 # of QRS (or Pwaves) X 10

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11
Q

not cheating way to count rhythm

A

300/ # of large boxes

1500/ # of small boxes

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12
Q

QRS

A

ventricular contraction

atrial relaxation

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13
Q

P wave

A

atrial contraction

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14
Q

PR interval

A

SA node fires

  • Atrial contraction
  • impulse movement to AV node
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15
Q

Twave

A

ventricular relaxation

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16
Q

Waveform analysis

A

rate: fast or slow
rhythm: regular/irregular
P wave: present? upright?
PR interval: 0.12-0.20 secs
QRS wave:

17
Q

Normal sinus rhythm

A 
Rhythm: regular
Rate:60-100
P Waves:present/upright, w/QRS
PRI: 0.12-0.2
QRS:
18
Q

sinus pause/arrest

A 
Rhythm: unpredictable
Rate: 80 or less
P Waves: present/upright, W/QRS, underlying rhythm
PRI:0.12-0.2
 QRS:
19
Q

sinus bradycardia

A 
Rhythm: regular
Rate: less than 60
P Waves: Present/upright, W/QRS
PRI:0.12-0.2
QRS:
20
Q

sinus tachycardia

A 
Rhythm: regular
Rate: 100-160
P Waves: Present/upright, W/QRS, riding on Twave
PRI: 0.12-0.2
QRS:
21
Q

premature atrial contractions (PACs)

A 
Rhythm: an early beat
Rate:unpredictable
 P Waves: Present/upright, W/QRS,different shape
PRI: 0.12-0.2
QRS:
22
Q

paroxsysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT)

A 
Rhythm: regular
Rate: 150-250
P Waves: present/upright(if seen), w/QRS, rides on T 
PRI: 0.12-0.2 (if p wave seen)
QRS:
23
Q

atrial fibrillation

A 
Rhythm: irregular
Rate: atrial is chaotic, ventricular is variable
P Waves: none seen
PRI: unable to measure
QRS: 100 (uncontrolled Afib)
do not have flat isometric line due to quivering atria
-grossly irregular
-risk for blood clots and PE
24
Q

junctional EKG waveforms

A

SA node doesnt work, AV node takes over, rates 40-60

25
Q

Junctional rhythm

A

Rhythm: regular
Rate: 40-60
P Waves: Inverted before and after QRS, or not seen
PRI:

26
Q

Premature junctional contractions

A

Rhythm: an early beat
Rate: unpredictable
P Waves: inverted before & after QRS, or not seen
PRI:

27
Q

Supraventricular Tachycardia

A 
consists of 4 rhythms: -sinus tachycardia (100-160)
-PAT (150-250)
-Atrial flutter (250-350)
-junctional tachycardia (100-180)
-each is treated differently
(flutter=more p waves than QRS)
28
Q

Premature Ventricular contraction

A 
Rhythm: an early beat
Rate:unpredictable
P Waves: none
PRI: unable to measure
QRS: >0.12
Treatment: amiodarone, lidocaine
potassium levels off, does not perfuse anything
29
Q

bigeminy

A

PVC

every other beat is a PVC

30
Q

Trigeminy

A

every 3rd beat is a PVC

31
Q

unifocal

A

PVCs all look alike

-1 hotspot

32
Q

multifocal

A

PVCs look different

-more than one hotspot: #of differences= # of hot spots

33
Q

Ventricular tachycardia (VT)

A 
Rhythm: regular
Rate: 150-250 (may be as low as 101)
P Waves: none
PRI: unable to measure 
QRS: >0.12
Treatment: defibrillation, epinephrine, vasopressin, amiodarone, lidocaine, magnesium
-letha, no pwaves, no BP
-Vtach w/ pulse = leftover beats
34
Q

torsade de pointes

A

-form of vtach
-monomorphic- defibrillation
polymorphic

35
Q

ventricular fibrillation (V-fib, VF)

A 
Rhythm: irregular
Rate: none
P Waves: none
PRI: unable to measure
QRS: none
Treatment: defibrillation, epinephrine,  vasopressin, amiodarone, lidocaine, magneium (ACLS)
-coarse or fine
-ventricles quivering- not contracting, no BP, no perfusion
36
Q

asystole

A 
Rhythm: none
Rate: none
P Waves: none
PRI: unable to measure
QRS: none 
Treatment: CPR, epinephrine
-flat line, nothing moving in heart.
-need a copy of strip being flat lined in 2 different eads.
ALWAYS check in second lead(couldve fallen off)

MS2 exam1 (10 decks)

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