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Rahul's Basics > Basic Drugs > Flashcards

Basic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Lactulose

A

for Constipation

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2
Q

Clotrimazole

A

for Thrush

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3
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A

for Alcohol withdrawal
Moderate: 10-30 mg 4 times a day
Severe: 10-40 mg 4 times a day (first 2 days), 10-50 mg 4 times a day

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4
Q

Codeine

A

Opiate to treat pain, cough and diarrhoea

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5
Q

Duloxetine

A

Diabetic neuropathy, 60 mg, OD, oral
Major depressive disorder 60 mg OD
Generalized anxiety disorder 30 mg OD
Urinary incontinence (mod-severe): 20 mg TD

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6
Q

Hydroxocobalamin

A

Prophylaxis for macrocytic anaemia for B12 def: 1 mg, IM every 2-3 months
Pernicious anemias and other anemias with/without neurological involvement

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7
Q

Paracetamol

A

Mild-moderate pain; pyrexia:
ORALLY OR PER RECTALLY - 0.5-1 g every 4-6 hours upto 4g a day

IV INFUSION -
IF less than 50 kg: 15mg/kg every 4-6 hours, give dose over 15 minutes, max dose: 60mg/kg

IF 50 kg or above: 1g every 4-6 hours, give dose over 15 minutes, max dose: 4g/day

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8
Q

Metronidazole

A

Anaerobic infections
Mouth: 400 mg/8 hours
IV: 500 mg/8 hours

To treat H.pylori infection give in combination with:
CLARITHROMYCIN + LANSOPRAZOLE + METRONIDAZOLE

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9
Q

Phenytoin

A

Tonic-clonic

Focal seizures

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10
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Trigeminal neuralgia - 100 mg OD/BD
Diabetic neuropathy - 100 mg OD/BD
Focal and generalized tonic-clonic seizures
ADJUNCT FOR ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL with chlordiazepoxide

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11
Q

Gabapentin

A

Peripheral neuropathic pain - 300 mg OD, day 1, 300 mg BD day 2, 300 mg TD day 3
Focal seizures
Migraine prophylaxis

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12
Q

Nimodipine

A

Calcium channel blocker

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13
Q

Methotrexate

A

Crohn’s disease (IM - 25 mg)
Rheumatoid arthritis ( oral 25 mg Once weekly)
Neoplastic disease

CAN CAUSE LIVER TOXICITY - therefore, require monitoring

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14
Q

Amiodarone

A

Arrhythmias - SVT, VT, AF, Atrial flutter

CAN CAUSE LIVER TOXICITY

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15
Q

Enalapril

A

ACE inhibitor

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16
Q

Losartan
Candesartan
Valsartan

A

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

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17
Q

Bisoprolol

A

Beta blocker for high blood pressure

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18
Q

Enalapril

A

ACE inhibitor

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19
Q

Abciximab/Tirofiban

A

Antiplatelet - Blocks fibrinogen binding to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor

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20
Q

Bivalirudin

A

Direct thrombin inhibitor

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21
Q

Nitrofuratoin

A

Acute uncomplicated UTIs
50 mg QID for 3-7 days
100 mg BD

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22
Q

Digoxin

A

For AF or Atrial Flutter: 0.75-1.5 mg in divided doses over 24 hours

For Heart Failure in sinus rhythm: 62.5-125 mg OD

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23
Q

Bivalirudin

A

Direct thrombin inhibitor

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24
Q

Nitrofuratoin

A

Acute uncomplicated UTIs
50 mg QID for 3-7 days
100 mg BD

25
Q

Digoxin

A

For AF or Atrial Flutter: 0.75-1.5 mg in divided doses over 24 hours

For Heart Failure in sinus rhythm: 62.5-125 mg OD

26
Q

Salbutamol

A

Blue inhaler

Short-acting bronchodilator

27
Q

Ipratropium

A

Green-white inhaler

Short-acting bronchodilator

28
Q

Beclometasone

A

Inhaled steroid

29
Q

Budesonide

A

Inhaled steroid

30
Q

Fluticasone

A

Inhaled steroid

31
Q

What is SERETIDE?

A

Fluticasone + Salmeterol

32
Q

Flucloxacillin

A

Infections due to beta-lactamase producing staphylococci including otits externa
250-500 mg 4 qtds OD

Endocarditis
8g/daily in 4 divided doses
12g/daily in 6 divided doses

Osteomyelitis
8g daily in 3/4 divided doses

33
Q

What is SYMBICORT?

A

Budesonide + Formoterol

34
Q

Sodium valproate

A

Epilepsy

600 mg daily in 1-2 divided doses with step up to 1-2 g daily

35
Q

Cyclizine

A

Antihistamine, Antimuscarinic

Post-op nausea, bowel obstruction nausea, motion sickness, labyrinthine aetiologies, raised ICP

36
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Anti-emetic

37
Q

Flucloxacillin

A

Infections due to beta-lactamase producing staphylococci including otits externa
250-500 mg 4 qtds OD

Endocarditis
8g/daily in 4 divided doses
12g/daily in 6 divided doses

Osteomyelitis
8g daily in 3/4 divided doses

38
Q

Haloperidol

A

Drug induced
Metabolic causes
Raised ICP

39
Q

What are the DDx of Epigastric pain?

A 
Acute pancreatitis
Perforated peptic ulcer
Gastritis/Duodentitis
Peptic ulcer disease (gastric or duodenal)
Biliary colic
Acute cholecystitis - inflammation of  the gall bladder
Ascending cholagnitis - Inflammation of the bile duct
Myocardial infarction
Ruptural abdominal  aortic aneurysm
Mesenteric ischaemia
Basal pneumonia
Oesophagitis (due to GORD)
40
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Pro-kinetic
Delayed gastric emptying
Opiates
Gastroparesis

CONTRAINDICATED IN BOWEL OBSTRUCTION and PARKINSON’s

41
Q

Ondansetron

A

Chemotherapy induced vomitting

Post-operative vomiting

42
Q

Haloperidol

A

Drug induced
Metabolic causes
Raised ICP

43
Q

Which drugs cause ileus of the biliary system?

A

co-amoxiclav
nitrofuratoin
oral contraceptive pill

44
Q

Which drugs affect hepatocytes ability to excrete alcoholc?

A

Paracetamol
Valproate
Rifampicin

45
Q

What do suplhonamides, aspirin in G6PDH-deficient patient causes?

A

Intravascular haemolysis

46
Q

Tinzaparin

A

Prophlyaxis of DVT

subcutaneous injection - 3500 units for 1 dose

47
Q

How do you write four times daily?

A

QDS

48
Q

Have does methyldopa cause?

A

autoimmune, extravascular haemolysis

49
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Glaucoma
250-500 mg daily

Epilepsy

50
Q

Name a side-effect of GTN spray

A

Headache

51
Q

How do you write four times daily?

A

QDS

52
Q

Aciclovir

A

Herpes simplex, infection

Herpes simplex suppression
400 mg TD

Gential herpes - 1st episode

Varicella zoster (chicken pox treatment) 
Herpes zoster (shingles infection)
53
Q

Which drugs can cause urinary retention?

A

Antihistamines (chlorpheniramine, cetirizine)

Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine)

Drugs used to treat urinary incontinence (tolterodine, oxybutynin)

54
Q

Which durgs can cause Chronic viral hepatitis?

A

Methyldopa
Isoniazid
Ketoconazole
Nitrofuration

55
Q

List two alpha blockers

A

Doxazosin

Prazosin

56
Q

List two side-effects of ACE-inhibitors

A

Cough

Angioedmea

57
Q

Which drugs can cause urinary retentipon?

A

Antihistamines (chlorpheniramine, cetirizine)

Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine)

Drugs used to treat urinary incontinence (tolterodine, oxybutynin)

58
Q

PENTOXIFYLLINE

A

Peripheral vascular disease

Venous leg ulcer

Rahul's Basics (11 decks)

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