Basic data analysis and Graphs Flashcards
Quantitative Data
A type of data that can be measured numerically by the psychologist, so that statistical analysis can be completed
Qualitative Data
A type of data that can be observed, but not measured numerically. It usually takes the form of words, thoughts and feelings, and is difficult to analyse
Primary sources
Information sources/data that is directly collected by the researcher first-hand
Secondary sources
Information sources/data that have not been directly collected /created by the researcher
Frequency tables
A chart/table which shows the rate of occurrence (frequency) for a number of measured values/categories.
Bar chart
A diagram that represents frequencies of non-continuous data.
Line graph
A diagram that shows a linear representation of frequencies of data.
Histogram
A diagram that represents the distribution of frequencies for discrete or continuous data.
Pie chart
A diagram that represents data proportionately, as part of a whole picture of responses.
Scattergraph
A diagram that represents a relationship/correlation between two or more co-variables.
Normal distribution
A type of distribution where the mean, median and mode are equal. This can be referred to as a bell curve.
Negatively skewed distribution
A type of skewed distribution, where the mode is greater than the mean.
Positively skewed distribution
A type of skewed distribution, where the mode is less than the mean.
Measure of central tendency
A form of estimation of a mid-point/average in a set of data.
Mean
The average that is shown by all scores in the data set when they are divided by n.
Median
The mid-point in a set of data that has been placed in order.
Mode
The most common value within a set of data.
Measure of dispersion
A measure that shows the spread of data, whether it is tightly clustered or has a broader spread.
Range
A value which shows the spread of data, representing the difference between the lowest and highest scores.
Standard deviation
A value which represents the amount of variation of results from the mean score.
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Less than
>
Greater than
≥
Greater than or equal to
≤
Less than or equal to
