Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon

Answer 1

A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen

Question 2

What does saturated mean

Answer 2

It only contains single bonds between carbon and hydrogen

Question 3

What does unsaturated mean

Answer 3

It contains double bonds between carbon atoms

Question 4

What does aliphatic mean

Answer 4

A chain of carbons

Question 5

What does alicylic mean

Answer 5

A chain of carbons joined together in a rings which can ALSO BE ALIPHATIC

Question 6

What does aromatic mean

Answer 6

It contains a benzene ring which is unsaturated

Question 6

What is a functional group

Answer 6

The part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions

Question 7

What is the homologous series

Answer 7

Contains the same functional group where each successive member of a homologous series differs by one carbon and 2 hydrogens

Question 8

What is the moleculer formula

Answer 8

The actual number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 9

What is the empirical formula

Answer 9

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 10

What is the general formula

Answer 10

An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a homologous series

Question 11

What is the displayed formula

Answer 11

It displays the arrangement of atoms in a molecule as well as all of the bonds

Question 12

What is the structural formula

Answer 12

Does not show single bonds although double or triple bonds may be shown

Question 13

What is the skeletal formula

Answer 13

Shows the bonds between carbon atoms but not the carbon atoms themselves

Question 14

When do you use brackets in the structural formula

Answer 14

When there is a functional group- CH3CH(OH)CH3
When there is a side chain or branching- CH3CH(CH3)CH3

Question 15

When else do you use brackets in the structural formula

Answer 15

Multiples of the same groups of atoms. For example
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 - 4 X CH2 so CH3(CH2)4CH3
If there are multiples of the same group attached to the same carbon- (CH3)3CCL

Question 16

What is the first rule for naming organic molecules

Answer 16

Look for the longest unbranched chain of carbon atoms which will give the stem of the name for example if it were 5 it would be pentane

Question 17

What are all stems

Answer 17

Meth
Eth
Prop
But
Pent
Hex
Hept
Oct
Non
Dec

Question 18

What are suffix examples

Answer 18

-Ane (Alkane)
-Ene (Alkene)
-Ol (Alcohol)

Question 19

What is the second rule for naming organic molecules

Answer 19

1) CH3- Methyl
2) C2H5- Ethyl
3) C3H7- Propyl
These alkyl groups determine the length of side chains

Question 20

What is the third rule for naming organic molecules

Answer 20

Number the carbons to ensure the alkyl functional groups are attached to the lowest number possible

Question 21

What punctuation should you use when naming organic molecules

Answer 21

Use commas between numbers
Use dashes between numbers and letters

Question 22

What is the fourth rule when naming organic molecules

Answer 22

If more than one alkyl or functional group is present number the carbon atoms with the lowest number for all groups attached. Prefixes are arranged alphabetically not numerically

Question 23

What happens if there are 2 or more alkyl of the same group

Answer 23

Use the prefix “di” (2) “tri” (3) tetra (4)

Question 24

What is the prefix for alicyclic

Answer 24

Cyclo

Question 25

What are the prefixes for haloalkanes

Answer 25

F- Fluoro
CL- Chloro
Br- Bromo
I-Iodo

Question 26

How do you name alkenes

Answer 26

Use “ene” not “ane”
The double bond is where the number is for example But-2-ene has the double bond at the carbond 2 atom

Question 27

How do you name alicyclic alkenes

Answer 27

The number of the carbon atom will start at 1 where the double bond is

Question 28

How do you name alcohols

Answer 28

Use the suffix “ol”
For example Pentan-3-ol