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Chemistry Module 4- Core Organic Chemistry > Alkanes > Flashcards

Alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are structural isomers

A

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMolecules with the same moleculer formula but different structural formula

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2
Q

What are the 3 ways to have a structural isomer to something

A

Chain isomers
Position isomers
Functional group isomers

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3
Q

What are chain isomers

A

Chain isomers have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of the carbon skeleton. For example butane and 2 methyl propane have the same molecular formula of C4H10

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4
Q

What are position isomers

A

Have the functional group of the molecule in the different position of the carbon chain For example Propan-1-ol and Propan-2-ol

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5
Q

What are functional group isomers

A

Have the same molculer formula but the molecules have a different functional group. For example Hexene and Cyclohexane

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6
Q

What are the features of Alkanes

A

CH4 molecules have a tetrahedral shape because they contain 4 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs
Carbon and hydrogen have very similar electronegativity values so the C-H bond is nonpolar

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7
Q

Features of alkanes (2)

A

CH4 is described as a non polar molecule
Induced dipole dipole bonds exist between the molecules of CH4

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8
Q

What are the physical properties of alkanes

A

The london forces are broken between the alkane molecules during boiling
The bonds between the atoms require too much more energy to overcome and are not broken during boiling

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9
Q

Why does the boiling point of alkanes decrease as branching between molecules increases

A

When there is more branching theres fewer points of contact so there are weaker induced dipole dipole forces so lower boiling points as less energy is required to overcome

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10
Q

How does a sigma bond form

A

By a head on overlap of the two atomic orbitals directly in a line between 2 bonded atoms

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11
Q

What are the products made with the complete combustion of alkanes

A

CO2 and H20

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12
Q

What are the products made with the incomplete combustion of alkanes

A

CO + H20
Carbon

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13
Q

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous

A

A toxic gaseous product that is odorless and colorless

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14
Q

What is a mechanism

A

A sequence of steps showing the path taken by electron in a reaction

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15
Q

How is a curly arrow used in reaction mechanisms

A

Used to describe the movement on an electron pair during a reaction

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16
Q

What is homolytic fission

A

The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom forming 2 radicals

17
Q

What are the alkanes reaction mechanism

A

Radical substitution

18
Q

What is a radical

A

A species with an unpaired electron which are extremely reactive

19
Q

What is the conversion used in radical substitution

A

Alkane—->Haloalkane

20
Q

What condition is necessary for an alkane to react with chlorine or bromine

A

UV light

21
Q

Why is the reaction described as a substitution reaction

A

1 hydrogen has been replaced with a halogen

22
Q

What are the 3 steps used in radical substitution

A

Initiation
Propagation
Termination

23
Q

What are the features of the initiation reaction

A

It creates radicals by breaking the bond between halogen by homolytic fission
It has a halogen to match the atom being substituted
NOT PART OF OVERRAL EQUATION

24
Q

What is an example of an initiation reaction

A

Cl2—-> Cl*
* is radical

25
Q

What happens during propagation

A

The radical “takes” an atom
A radical is conserved
There is a change in the overral equation

26
Q

What is an example of propagation reactions

A

Cl+ CH3CH3—-> CH3CH2+HCL
CH3CH2+CL2–>CH3CH2CL+CL
CH3CH2* acts as an intermediate

27
Q

Why are propagation reactions described as chain reactions

A

The Cl* radical is used in step 1 but regenerated in step 2

28
Q

What happens during termination

A

2 radicals reacts to form stable molecules

29
Q

What are examples of termination reactions

A

2Cl—> Cl2
Cl + CH3CH2* —> CH3CH2CL
CH3CH2+CH3CH2—>CH3CH2CH2CH3

30
Q

What is the general formula of an alkane

A

Cn H2n+2

31
Q

What happens to the boiling point as the alkane chain length increases

A

The boiling point increases because there is more surface area so there is a higher number of IDD interactions . Therefore more energy is required to overcome these interactions

32
Q

What is complete combustion and what is the colour of the bunsen burner fame during it

A

Combustion that occurs with plentiful supply of air
The colour is blue

33
Q

What is incomplete combustion

A

Limited supply of oxygen

34
Q

What is the environmental impact of soot

A

Asthma
Cancer
Global dimming

Chemistry Module 4- Core Organic Chemistry (7 decks)

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