Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPACC 2024 > Basic Concepts and Theoretical Models of Disability > Flashcards

Basic Concepts and Theoretical Models of Disability Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of people have a disability?

A

Roughly 1 in every 5 people (about 20%) has a disability of some kind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are assistive technologies for blindness?

A
  • Screen readers
  • Refreshable Braille devices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are assistive technologies for low vision?

A
  • Screen enlargers
  • Screen readers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are assistive technologies for color blindness?

A
  • Color enhancement overlays
  • Color enhancement glasses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are assistive technologies for deafness?

A
  • Captions
  • Transcripts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are assistive technologies for motor/mobility disabilities?

A
  • Head wand
  • Mouth stick
  • Alternative keyboards
  • Eye gaze tracking
  • Voice Activation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are assistive technologies for cognitive disabilities?

A
  • Screen readers
  • Screen overlays
  • Augmentative communication aids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or False: The Internet is an important part of the solution for disability access.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or False: There are many forms of disabilities that are not obvious to an observer.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the medical model?

A
  • Defines disability in terms of biological impairments
  • Disability viewed as a problem that is caused by medically-diagnosed genetic disorders, disease, trauma, or other health conditions
  • Disability is treated as a biological problem that diminishes quality of life
  • Disability is viewed as needing to be treated with professional medical care.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the strengths of the medical model?

A
  • Acknowledges biological condition that places an individual at a disadvantage compared to the majority of the population
  • Clearly-defined set of criteria helps inform decisions about who receives government assistance
  • Helps medical professionals make important decisions in terms of treatment.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the weaknesses of the medical model?

A
  • Focuses exclusively on the biology of the person - overlooks the impact of the design decisions in our social environment
  • Assigns disability as a characteristic of an individual person - stigmatizes person as different or less than. This causes psychological harm.
  • People who do not fit within the clearly-defined definitions may be denied benefits they need. Definitions may be too narrow and exclusive.
  • Having to prove a disability adds bureaucracy to their lives.
  • Having to provide your disability can be dehumanizing.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the social model?

A
  • Direct response to the medical model
  • Society creates disabling conditions. “Disability” is an avoidable condition caused by poor design
  • Emphasizes human rights of people with disabilities to participate in society in meaningful ways
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the strengths of the social model?

A
  • Empowers people with disabilities by removing the stigma often associated with physical impairments
  • Expectation is that society creates inclusive environments - not that people with disabilities need to have a lower quality of life because they do not conform to “normal” expectations
  • We get better designs for everyone. Empowers designers of physical and virtual environments to think broadly about usability for all kinds of humans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the weaknesses of the social model?

A
  • Can de-emphasize the physical reality of a disability too much. Disability is an important part of identity and should not be minimized.
  • Accepting and “owning” one’s disability can be very healthy from an emotional and psychological perspective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the functional solutions model?

A
  • Takes practical approach to disability
  • Identifies limitation, functional impairments that result from a disability
  • Seeks solutions to eradicate limitations - through technology or methodology
  • Less focus on social and political aspects
  • Greater focus on applying innovation to overcoming limitations of disability
17
Q

What are the strengths of the functional solutions model?

A
  • Focused on results to benefit people with disabilities
  • Does not get hung up on theoretical or political questions
  • Puts energy into ideas and innovations to improve lives
  • Emphasis on building accessible environments and getting things done
18
Q

What are the weaknesses of the functional solutions model?

A
  • Not all technology is the best solution
  • If we’re too focused on technology, we may miss opportunities to address the larger social context
  • Addressing the larger social context can work so well that a tech solution might not be needed or becomes obsolete
19
Q

What is the social identity or cultural affiliation model?

A
  • People with disabilities may develop a sense of personal identity through consorting with others who share similar life experiences based on their disability
  • Shared culture based on shared experiences
20
Q

What are the strengths of the cultural affiliation model?

A
  • Self-Acceptance and Empowerment - accepting disability is good for well-being. Network of friends can be valuable on a personal level
  • Political Strength: Gain political strength by forming alliances and advocacy network. Better to work together toward change.
21
Q

What are the weaknesses of the cultural affiliation model?

A
  • Not good for technical definitions of disability - people with different (or no) disabilities may view themselves as part of the same social group
  • Strongly identifying with other people with disabilities may partly be a result of feeling excluded from the rest of society
22
Q

What is the charity or tragedy model?

A
  • Treats disabilities as unfortunate or tragic conditions worthy of special treatment
  • People without disabilities take pity on those with disabilities and set up fundraisers, projects, assistance, and other interventions to improve the condition of those with disabilities
23
Q

What are the strengths of the charity or tragedy model?

A
  • Create sense of empathy
  • Inspire them to assist people with disabilities
24
Q

What are the weaknesses of the charity or tragedy model?

A
  • Encourages unequal social and political relationships between people - may slow down progress for people with disabilities
25
Q

What is the affirmation model?

A
  • Similar to the social identity or cultural affiliation model
  • Encourages people with disabilities to affirm their identity and feel comfortable with who they are
  • Celebrates everything about their physical identity
26
Q

What is the sociopolitical model?

A
  • Activist model that emphasizes the need for human rights for people with disabilities
27
Q

What is the religious or moral model?

A
  • Assumes that disabilities are given to people as a punishment
  • May be seen as a condition given by God to teach a lesson or to test the person
28
Q

What is the expert model?

A
  • Variation of the medical model
  • Disabilities are meant to be treated and managed by people with expertise and credentials
29
Q

What is the rehabilitation model?

A
  • Variation of the medical model
  • Emphasis on therapy or rehabilitation for the person with a disability
30
Q

What is the economic model?

A
  • Emphasis on political power through collective economic action
  • People with disabilities can influence the market by choosing to not spend their money with certain businesses
  • Use money to drive change

CPACC 2024 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions