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Medical Sociology - Midterm 3 > Basic Concepts and Ideas > Flashcards

Basic Concepts and Ideas Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Proponents of truth-telling:

A
  • basics of respect
  • undermines trust and support in patient-physician interactions
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2
Q

Opponents of truth-telling:

A

all in the patients interest!!
some patients cannot handle the truth of life threatening illnesses

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3
Q

justifications of lying:

A

-discretion; doctors shouldn’t be forced to report just facts –> there is an emotional aspect into it as well!
-lying might benefit patient –> physician-patient relationship may give doctors understanding to what may cause patient undue stress
-some patients cant even fully understand the truth

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4
Q

justifications of truth-telling:

A

idea that patients understand themselves more than doctors
enhances patient-physician relationship and builds trust and legitimacy

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5
Q

consensus on truthtellign

A

most patients want to be told the truth

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6
Q

confidentiality

A

patients count physician not to share personal information with others
NOT ABSOLUTE

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7
Q

importance of confidentiality

A

more people inclined to seek treatment (safety in secrecy)
patients more inclined to provide MAX info
trust with physicians is enhanced

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8
Q

justifications for refusing treating patient

A

excessive risk
questionable benefits –> is it really going to help them in the long run
obligations to other patients/self/family

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9
Q

justifications to treat regardless of risk

A

inherent part of profession –> its the job
apart of social contract and expectation of job
patients depend on doctor!

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10
Q

AMA stance on treatment of patients (risk-wise)

A

expresses duty to treat regardless of risk BUT offers easy exemptions
AMBIGUOUS

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11
Q

Healthcare costs covered by

A

employers
family/individual
government
third party payer (insurance companies)

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12
Q

1 payer for medicare and medicaid

A

government

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13
Q

1 payer for obamacare!

A

third party payer

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14
Q

trend of healthcare costs

A

increase with stagnation of real wages

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15
Q

why healthcare costs increase?

A

new medical technology
increased life expectancy –> more care needed to chronic and acute illnesses
medical wastes
larger corporate profits
exorbitant salaries and compensation packages
high administrative costs –> advertisement, marketing, etc
medical fraud/malpractice

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16
Q

do companies want federal/national healthcare?

A

YES - would reduce overall costs; would make less demands by employees for more costly benefits and insurance packages

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17
Q

private company health care expenditures:

A

mostly spent on health insurance
accompanied by higher employee contributions

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18
Q

CHIP

A

wants to DECREASE number of children without insurance

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19
Q

MD facilites:

A

tend to do procedures that have higher fees
tend to pass recommended to places and areas with mutual monetary interest

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20
Q

what is specifically not address in healthcare refomr

A

malpractice

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21
Q

what industry is growing to be the most profitabel

A

pharmaceuticals

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22
Q

healthcare delivery system

A

hospitals
freestanding ambulatory units
surgical care sites
nursing homes
hospice care facilites

23
Q

1700s-1800s state of hospital care

A

volunteer staff, treated mostly people without family/money
*hospice-like treatment
*end of life treatment

24
Q

1900s

A

admited mostly sick people with curable illnesses
alternate care for elderly and homeless

25
Q

BY 1920

A

hospitals became primary center for acute treatment
included nursing services, auxillary services, surgical stuff, etc.
churches actually funded a lot of this!

26
Q

as hospital sizes grew…

A

need for mroe adminstrative services to control it all grew as well
management!!

27
Q

more money was given towards medicine and hospitals after

A

WWII

28
Q

criticism for for-profit hosptials

A

profit maximizations
catering to rich patients
providing little to no care for those that cant pay

29
Q

cheaper alternatives to normal hospital car e

A

increased use of ambulatory care
urgent cares services used more by poor people for urgent events
retail stores (walgreens cvs!), ambulatory surgical centers, public health center

30
Q

physicians work in group/office like relationships

A

work cash deals based on patient ability to pay

31
Q

patient dumping

A

ILLEGAL - still happens - when they just dump a person on streets when they cant pay

32
Q

epicenter of pandemic

A

nursing homes

33
Q

primary concerns for nursing homes

A

neglect
abuse
accidents
high price of care
staff shortages

34
Q

technology innovations and advancements

A

INCREASED

35
Q

benefits of tech

A

more accurate diagnoses –> leads to increase in diagnoses
quicker diagnoses
INCREASED effective treatments
INCREASED life expectancies

36
Q

negatives of tech

A

increased costs
unequal access
some technological advances FAIL –> can be harmful in long run
ethical issues –> my body, my choice
dependence on technology may lead to loss of motor skills in physicians

37
Q

social effects of technology

A
  • new more options for people
  • laters human relationships –> people live longer, increase in social pools
  • can affect healthcare system –> cause displacement of certain people
    -greater reflection of value of this –> consquences?
    -more social policy questons –> vaccine mandates, abortions? etc.
38
Q

Top Advances in Technology

A

-cardiac technology (pacemakers, defibrillators)
-critical care management (ICU,etc)
-medical imaging (MRI, CT)
-genomic medicine (genetic mutations,etc)
-telemedicine (online medical info )

39
Q

distance between patient and physicians with technology influence

A

increased distance

40
Q

1991 self determination act

A

all health care providers have to inform patients about their rights under law to prepare living will
1st to talk about patients right to privacy and can refuse treatments EXTENDING to competent and incompetent peoples

41
Q

supports of doctor assisted suicide

A

-consistent with right of self determination
-most deaths in hospitals occur from preliminary discussion and agreement to not prolong life –> DO NOT REUCITATE

42
Q

opponents on doctor assisted suicide

A

-patients too sick to think straight
-inconsistent with idea that doctors should sustain life and relieve stress

43
Q

consensus on doctor assisted suicide

A

most people are in favor of this

44
Q

organ donations in US

A

voluntary by nature

45
Q

United Network of Organ Sharing

A

helps find potential donors and people in need of transplants; healthcare providers have to notify patients and families about donations

46
Q

strong market approach –> organ donation

A

individuals or next of kin can auction off organs to highest bidder

47
Q

spending for best treatment options

A

fed gov and private corps say that they cant afford to fund this for EVERY person

48
Q

curative care spending

A

-end of life spending
-newborn with lfietime care needs spending

49
Q

increased healthcare based on income and wealth for life expectancy

A
50
Q

categories of healthcare performance

A

-preventative healthcare –> access to healthcare, diet, safety check ups etc.
-healthcare use and services –> using healthcare resources, access to healthcare`
-availability of top care tech
-mortality
-healthcare system responsiveness –> addressing needs of pop
-stability per capita spending in relation to national income –> willing and able to spend for people

51
Q

influences on healthcare systems

A

-physical, historical and situational events
-cultural norms and values
-structural norms and values
*US has rugged indiviudalism cultural tendency –> less likely to react well to government handouts

52
Q

private insurance

A

private entrepreneurial services; for profit! ex: US

53
Q

types of national insurance

A
  • with private regulated services –> canada, germany
    -with public regulated services –> great britain
    -socialized system –> cuba, china

Medical Sociology - Midterm 3 (4 decks)

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