Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chemistry > Basic concepts and Alkanes > Flashcards

Basic concepts and Alkanes Flashcards

1
Q

What does a curly arrow represent?

A

The movement of a pair of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is meant by heterolytic fission?

A

The breaking of a covalent bond where one atom gets both bonding electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a lone pair?

A

A pair of electrons not involved in a bond.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A pair of electrons shared between 2 atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a sigma bond?

A

A shared pair of electrons, directly between the 2 bonding atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a pi bond?

A

A shared pair of electrons, above and below the 2 bonding atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a single bond?

A

Is a sigma bond. It contains one shared pair of electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a double bond?

A

Is a sigma bond and a pi bond. It contains 2 shared pairs of electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does a pair of curly arrows start?

A

Always starts at a pair of electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is molecular formula?

A

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. It tells you nothing about the bonding within the compound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is empirical formula?

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is condensed formula?

A

It is also texted-based. Here each carbon atom is listed separately, with atoms attached to it following. An exception is cyclic parts of molecules, e.g. benzene, where the carbons are grouped.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is displayed formula?

A

Shows all of the atoms and all of the bonds present in an organic compound, the bonds are represented as lines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is structural formula?

A

The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is skeletal formula?

A

The simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon Skelton and associated functional groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is general formula?

A

The simpilest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series, e.g. for an alkane CnH2n+2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

Where 2 reactants join together to form one product.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

Where an atom or group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms - 2 products are made.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an elimination reaction?

A

The removal of a small molecule from a larger one - 2 products are made.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the suffix for an alkane?

A

-ane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the suffix for an alkene?

A

-ene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the suffix for an alcohol?

A

-ol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
What is the suffix for a carboxylic acid?
-oic acid
25
What is the suffix for an aldehyde?
-al
26
What is the suffix for a ketone?
-one
27
What word can be used to describe an alkene and alkyne but not an alkane?
Unsaturated ( they contain a double bond)
28
What is an aliphatic molecule?
An aliphatic molecule contains carbon atoms joined together in a straight or branched chains. It does not contain a benzene ring.
29
What is an aromatic molecule?
An aromatic molecule contains at least one benzene ring
30
What is an alicyclic molecule?
An alicyclic molecule is an aliphatic molecule that contains carbon atoms joined together in a ring that is not a benzene ring.
31
What are the three systematic rules when naming alkanes?
1- find the longest continuous carbon chain(around corners and any directions) and name this according to the parent alkane. 2- name the substituent alkyl group, formed by removing a hydrogen atom from a straight-chain alkane. Replace -ane with -yl, e.g. CH3 is methyl. 3- number the carbon atoms in the longest chain to indicate the positions of any substituent groups. The end of the chain from which you start numbering is the one which produces the lower set of numbers.
32
What is rule 4 and 5 of naming alkanes?
4- if the same alkyl group appears more than once as a substituent, indicate this by using di-, tri-, tetra- to show the number present. separate the numbers by commas. 5- the names of the substituents are arranged alphabetically, regardless of the numbering - ethyl comes before methyl - note that dimethyl, trimethyl are considered to start with m.
33
What is the general formula for a cycloalkane?
CnH2n
34
What is the general formula for an alkane?
CnH2n+2
35
What is the general formula for a alkene?
CnH2n
36
What is the general formula for an alcohol?
CnH2n+1OH
37
What is the general formula for a carboxylic acid?
CnH2nO2
38
What is the general formula for a ketone?
CnH2nO
39
What is meant by the term structural isomerism?
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
40
During a chemical chemical reaction a chemical bond between two atoms must be broken. An electron pair shared between two atoms ( the covalent bond) can break in three possible ways, depending upon the relative what of the two atoms?
The electronegativity which is a measure of the attraction of the bonded atom for the pair of e- in a covalent bond.
41
What is the name given to a species that has as least one unpaired electron?
A radical
42
When a bond breaks and both atoms have one unpaired electron/become radical what type of fission is this?
Homolytic fission
43
What does a fish-hook arrow represent?
The movement of a single electron.
44
What is the name of the type of compound with the functional group C=C?
Alkene
45
What is the name of the type of compound with the functional group OH?
Alcohol
46
What is the name of the type of compound with the functional group -Cl -Br -I ?
Haloalkane
47
What is the name of the type of compound with the functional group -CHO?
Aldehyde
48
What is the name of the type of compound with the functional group -C(CO)C-?
Ketone
49
What is the name of the type of compound with the functional group -COOH?
Carboxylic acid
50
What is the name of the type of compound with the functional group -COOC-?
Ester
51
What is the name of the type of compound with the functional group -COCl?
Acyl chloride
52
What is the name of the type of compound with the functional group -NH2?
Amine
53
What is the name of the type of compound with the functional group -CN?
Nitrile
54
What is the name of the type of compound with the prefix hydroxy-?
Alcohol
55
What is the name of the type of compound with the prefix chloro- bromo- iodo-?
Haloalkane
56
What is the name of the type of compound with the prefix amino-?
Amine
57
What is the suffix for an ester?
-oate
58
What is the suffix for an acyl chloride?
-oyl chloride
59
What is the suffix for an amine?
-amine
60
What is the suffix for a nitrile?
-nitrile
61
How is a sigma bond formed?
In the overlap of 2 orbitals, one from each bonded atom. It is on a line directly between the 2 bonded atoms. It contains 2 electrons, one from each bonded atom.
62
Alkanes are the main components of what?
Crude oil
63
Alkanes are mainly used as what?
Fuels
64
What is the definition of covalent bond?
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms.
65
How does chain length affect the boiling point of an alkane?
The larger the surface area of contact (larger carbon chain) the more London dispersion forces and therefore a larger amount of energy is needed to overcome these.
66
What happens when a liquid boils?
The intermolecular forces are weak. when a liquid boils, it is these that are broken and allow individual molecules to separate away from each other to become a gas. The covalent bonds are still intact.
67
How does a pi bond pi bond form?
Sideways overlap of adjacent p orbitals above and below the bonding atoms.
68
Why do free radical substitutions result in impure products?
Because there are many possible side reactions e.g. further substitution or substitution at different chain positions.
69
Define stereo isomers
Compounds with the same structural formula but different arrangements in space.
70
Which type of fission is Cl2 being broken by UV light?
Homolytic
71
72

Chemistry (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions