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Chemistry > Alkenes and alcohols > Flashcards

Alkenes and alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols

A

Number of carbons bonded to the carbon attached to OH: primary =1, secondary =2, tertiary =3

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2
Q

How are addition polymers named?

A

Poly(name of original alkene)

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3
Q

What is the name of the functional group which makes an alcohol?

A

Hydroxyl (OH)

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4
Q

Define an electrophile

A

An electron pair acceptor

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5
Q

What is needed to turn an alcohol into a haloalkane?

A

Halide salt and sulfuric acid (makes HX in situ)

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6
Q

How does stability of carbocation relate to the major and minor product in electrophilic addition of HX?

A

Major product is formed from the more stable carbocation

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7
Q

Reacting an alkene with bromine makes

A

A dibromoalkane

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8
Q

When can you have cis/trans isomers as well as E/Z?

A

When one of the bonded substituents on each C is the same

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9
Q

Name two useful ways of disposing of polymers

A

Combustion for energy production; organic feedstock to make new plastics or other products

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10
Q

Why do alcohols have higher BPs than alkanes?

A

Hydrogen bonds form between molecules; require more energy to break than London dispersion forces in alkanes

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11
Q

Aside from conditions (reflux or distil), what else is important in oxidising primary alcohols to make the right products?

A

Equivalents of oxidising agent: just 1 to make aldehyde; 2 to make carboxylic acid

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12
Q

Propan-2-ol + NaCl + H2SO4 with reflux makes

A

2- bromopropane

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13
Q

What can tertiary alcohols be oxidized to?

A

Nothing

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14
Q

Describe the colour change when dichromate successfully oxidises an alcohol

A

Orange to green ( dichromate (VI) to chromium (III)

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15
Q

What type of mechanism do alkenes tend to react in?

A

Electrophilic addition

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16
Q

What are addition polymers formed from?

A

Alkenes and substituted alkenes

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17
Q

How do the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules for identifying E/Z isomers assign priority?

A

High priority = higher atomic numbers

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18
Q

What are the two requirement’s for E/Z isomerism?

A

C=C double bond, and two different groups bonded to each of the carbons

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19
Q

Why are alcohols soluble in water

A

Molecules can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules

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20
Q

Alkenes + HBr make

A

bromoalkane

21
Q

Which experimental method is used to convert primary alcohols to carboxylic acids?

A

Reflux

22
Q

What can primary alcohols be oxidised to?

A

Aldehydes or carboxylic acids

23
Q

Which experimental method is used to convert primary alcohols to aldehydes?

A

Distillation

24
Q

What is the shape and bond angle around the C atom in an alkene?

A

120 deg, trigonal planar

25
Q

Alcohols undergo what to form carbon dioxide and water?

A

Complete combustion

26
Q

Reacting ethene with hydrogen and Ni catalyst makes

A

ethane

27
Q

How is oxidation symbolized in an equation?

A

[O]

28
Q

What is an oxidation reaction in organic chemistry?

A

A reaction where oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed from a compound

29
Q

What conditions are necessary for dehydration of an alcohol?

A

Concentrated phosphoric/sulphuric acid catalyst, heat and reflux.

30
Q

In the electrophilic addition mechanism what type of fission does the pi bond undergo?

A

Heterolytic fission to form ions

31
Q

Describe a C=C double bond

A

One sigma bond and one Pi bond

32
Q

Can double bonds rotate?

A

No - because pi bond would break if p orbitals are not aligned

33
Q

What reagent is used for the oxidation of alcohols?

A

Acidified potassium dichromate

34
Q

How can HCl gas from burning PVC be removed from waste mixture?

A

Neutralise with a base - eg sodium carbonate

35
Q

Define stereoisomers

A

Compounds with the same structural formula but different arrangements in space

36
Q

What is the test and positive result for an alkene?

A

Decolourises bromine water

37
Q

Describe the polarity of an alcohol molecule

A

Delta negative on the oxygen and delta positive on the adjacent C and H

38
Q

Identify a hazard of burning PVC - poly(chloroethene)

A

Releases toxic HCl gas

39
Q

What is a dehydration of an alcohol reaction?

A

One where water is eliminated from an alcohol

40
Q

What is added to an alkene to make an alcohol?

A

Steam, with acid catalyst eg phosphoric acid

41
Q

What can secondary alcohols be oxidized to?

A

Ketones

42
Q

What is the product of a dehydration of an alcohol rection

A

An alkene

43
Q

Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes?

A

The pi bond has a relatively low bond enthalpy compared single sigma bonds

44
Q

How does a pi bond form?

A

Sideways overlap of adjacent p orbitals above and below the bonding atoms

45
Q

Name two types of sustainable polymers being formulated by chemists

A

Biodegradable and photodegradable polymers

46
Q

Name the alcohol CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

A

butan-1-ol

47
Q

What is markownikoffs rule?

A

When HX reacts with an unsymmetrical alkene, the H bonds to the C of the alkene which has more H already bonded.

48
Q

What is the structure of the repeat unit of poly(propene)

A

-CH2CH(CH3)-

49
Q

Which monomer makes the polymer which has [CH2CHCl] as its repeat unit?

A

chloroethene

Chemistry (10 decks)

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